Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants
| Clinical characteristics | Type 2 diabetes | Non-diabetic controls | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (male/female) | 202 (58/144) | 188 (53/135) | – |
| Age (years) | 53.75 ± 11.00 | 53.34 ± 9.09 | NS |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 49.39 ± 10.87 | ND | ND |
| Weight (kg) | 68.57 ± 12.46 | 59.25 ± 9.89 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.84 ± 4.95 | 23.91 ± 3.17 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.99 ± 10.90 | 82.21 ± 9.37 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 99.82 ± 9.73 | 95.62 ± 6.69 | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.86 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132.13 ± 16.16 | 116.14 ± 15.12 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 81.42 ± 10.40 | 70.31 ± 9.90 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 11.34 ± 5.09 | 4.88 ± 0.35 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.34 ± 2.58 | 5.36 ± 0.26 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.86 ± 1.19 | 5.32 ± 0.93 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 4.63 ± 2.33 | 2.68 ± 1.11 | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.70 ± 1.08 | 3.23 ± 0.86 | <0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.27 ± 0.31 | 1.58 ± 0.42 | <0.001 |
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. P-values compare clinical and laboratory data between 202 type 2 diabetes patients and 188 non-diabetic controls with completely available data, using either Mann–Whitney U-test or Student's unpaired t-test. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ND, not determined; NS, not significant.