Table II.
Risk Factors for “Back Pain” (Frequency Counts and Odds Ratios).
| Outcome Measures/Risk Factors | Back Pain | Back Pain | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factors. n=number of interviewees* | Yes Freq. (%) | OR (95% CI) | |||||||
| Individual Factors | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 |
|
Age
|
Compared with age 18-24 |
||||||||
| 18-24 | n=127 | n=127 | n=71 | 39(30.7%) | 35(27.6%) | 20(28.2%) | |||
| 25-34 | n=390 | n=365 | n=241 | 114(29.2%) | 97(26.6%) | 68(28.2%) | 0.93(0.60-1.44) | 0.96(0.61-1.50) | 1.00(0.56-1.81) |
| 35-44 | n=376 | n=402 | n=254 | 107(28.5%) | 122(30.4%) | 60(23.6%) | 0.90(0.58-1.39) | 1.15(0.74-1.79) | 0.79(0.44-1.43) |
| 45-54 | n=347 | n=398 | n=253 | 95(27.4%) | 121(30.5%) | 63(24.9%) | 0.85(0.55-1.33) | 1.15(0.74-1.79) | 0.85(0.47-1.53) |
| 55-64 | n=182 | n=212 | n=170 | 44(24.2%) | 48(22.6%) | 44(25.9%) | 0.72(0.43-1.20) | 0.77(0.46-1.28) | 0.89(0.48-1.66) |
| >65 | n=37 | n=49 | n=53 | 10(27.0%) | 10(20.4%) | 14(26.4%) | 0.84(0.37-1.89) | 0.67(0.30-1.50) | 0.92(0.41-2.04) |
| Gender | Compared with male | ||||||||
| Male | n=769 | n=772 | n=503 | 217(28.2%) | 202(26.7%) | 126(25.1%) | 0.99(0.79-1.24) | 1.16(0.95-1.48) | 1.08(0.82-1.42) |
| Female | n=696 | n=787 | n=540 | 195(28.0%) | 231(29.6%) | 143(26.5%) | |||
|
Hurt at Work (# times hurt at work last year) |
Compared with 0 times. |
||||||||
| 0 times | n=1299 | n=1370 | n=938 | 326 (25.1%) | 343(24.0%) | 225(24.0%) | |||
| 1 time | n=106 | n=112 | n=61 | 50 (47.2%) | 54(48.2%) | 61(39.3%) | 2.67(1.78-3.98) | 2.79(1.89-4.12) | 2.06(1.20-3.51) |
| 2 times | n=17 | n=40 | n=20 | 8 (47.1%) | 22(55.0%) | 20(45.0%) | 2.64(1.02-6.93) | 3.66(1.94-6.90) | 2.60(1.06-6.34) |
| =>3 times | n=37 | n=14 | n=21 | 24 (64.9%) | 14(45.2%) | 21(52.4%) | 5.51(2.77-10.95) | 2.47(1.20-5.06) | 3.49(1.46-8.32) |
|
Physical Health (How many days during the past 30 days was your physical health not good?) |
Compared with 0-13 days. |
||||||||
| 0 - 13 days | n=1482 | n=1450 | n=958 | 394(26.6%) | 382(26.3%) | 223(23.3%) | 2.76(1.85-4.12) | 3.13(2.03-4.82) | 4.05(2.53-6.48) |
| ≥ 14 days | n=104 | n=89 | n=78 | 52(50.0%) | 47(52.8%) | 43(55.1%) | |||
|
Mental Health (How many days during the past 30 days was your mental health not good?) |
Compared with 0-13 days. |
||||||||
| 0 - 13 days | n=1396 | n=1415 | n=922 | 359(25.7%) | 363(25.7%) | 206(22.3%) | 2.41(1.76-3.29) | 3.20(2.19-4.65) | 3.73(2.50-5.58) |
| ≥ 14 days | n=187 | n=122 | n=112 | 85(45.5%) | 64(52.5%) | 58(51.8%) | |||
|
Health Days (How many days during past 30 days did your poor mental or physical health affect usual activities?) |
Compared with 0-13 days. |
||||||||
| 0-13 days | n=1521 | n=1495 | n=955 | 416(27.4%) | 402(26.9%) | 244(24.5%) | 2.21(1.35-3.64) | 4.23(2.31-7.73) | 3.73(1.99-6.96) |
| ≥ 14 days | n=66 | n=46 | n=42 | 30(45.5%) | 28(60.1%) | 23(54.8%) | |||
| Physical Factors | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 |
|
Heavy Lifting (Job requires repeated lifting pulling or pushing?) |
Yes vs. No |
||||||||
| No | n=794 | n=832 | n=553 | 172(21.7%) | 192(23.1%) | 121(21.9%) | 2.01(1.60-2.54) | 1.69(1.35-2.11) | 1.55(1.17-2.05) |
| Yes | n=671 | n=717 | n=489 | 240(35.8%) | 241(33.6%) | 148(30.3%) | |||
|
Hand Movement (Job requires repetitive, or stressful hand movements or awkward postures) |
Yes vs. No |
||||||||
| No | n=714 | n=783 | n=557 | 136(19.0%) | 167(21.3%) | 113(20.3%) | 2.47(1.95-3.14) | 1.96(1.56-2.46) | 1.86(1.41-2.47) |
| Yes | n=751 | n=767 | n=485 | 276(36.6%) | 266(34.7%) | 156(32.2%) | |||
| Physical Effort (Please rate the overall physical effort at the job you normally do) | Compared with Very Light | ||||||||
| Very Light | n=264 | 50(19.0%) | |||||||
| Fairly light | n=295 | 59(20.0%) | 1.07(0.70-1.63) | ||||||
| Somewhat hard | n=262 | 71(27.1%) | 1.59(1.06-2.40) | ||||||
| Hard | n=121 | 42(35.0%) | 2.28(1.40-3.69) | ||||||
| Very Hard | n=98 | 46(47.0%) | 3.79(2.29-6.26) | ||||||
| Psychosocial Factors | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 |
| Job Satisfaction (How satisfied with job?) | Compared with very satisfied. | ||||||||
| Very satisfied | n=721 | n=701 | n=461 | 161(22.3%) | 157(22.4%) | 104(22.6%) | |||
| Somewhat satisfied | n=580 | n=708 | n=463 | 177(30.5%) | 215(30.4%) | 115(25.0%) | 1.53(1.19-1.96) | 1.51(1.19-1.92) | 1.13(0.84-1.54) |
| Not too satisfied | n=113 | n=97 | n=84 | 50(44.3%) | 46(47.4%) | 35(41.7%) | 2.76(1.83-4.16) | 3.13(2.02-4.84) | 2.45(1.51-3.99) |
| Not at all satisfied | n=48 | n=46 | n=35 | 23(47.9%) | 15(32.6%) | 15(43.0%) | 3.20(1.77-5.79) | 1.67(0.88-3.18) | 2.58(1.27-5.21) |
| Work Freedom (Freedom to decide how to do my own work) | Compared with not at all true. | ||||||||
| Not at all true | n=66 | n=61 | n=46 | 34(51.5%) | 20(32.8%) | 14(30.4%) | |||
| Not too true Somewhat | n=118 | n=144 | n=84 | 31(26.3%) | 49(34.0%) | 27(32.1%) | 0.34(0.18-0.63) | 1.06(0.56-1.20) | 1.08(0.50-2.36) |
| true | n=453 | n=482 | n=334 | 139(30.7%) | 144(30.0%) | 97(29.0%) | 0.42(0.25-0.70) | 0.87(0.49-1.54) | 0.93(0.48-1.83) |
| Very true | n=825 | n=850 | n=578 | 207(25.1%) | 218(25.7%) | 131(22.7%) | 0.32(0.19-0.52) | 0.71(0.41-1.23) | 0.67(0.35-1.29) |
| Supervisor Support | Compared with very true. | ||||||||
| Very true | n=524 | n=539 | n=379 | 126(24.1%) | 140(26.0%) | 79(20.1%) | |||
| Somewhat true | n=614 | n=641 | n=422 | 168(27.4%) | 164(25.6%) | 107(25.4%) | 1.19(0.91-1.56) | 0.98(0.75-1.273) | 1.29(0.93-1.80) |
| Not too true | n=196 | n=220 | n=163 | 61(63.4%) | 83(37.7%) | 54(33.1%) | 1.43(0.99-2.05) | 1.73(1.24-2.411) | 1.88(1.25-2.83) |
| Not at all true | n=102 | n=91 | n=56 | 49(48.1%) | 29(31.9%) | 25(44.6%) | 2.92(1.89-4.52) | 1.33(0.82-2.157) | 3.06(1.71-5.48) |
| Work Time (Enough time to get job done.) | Compared with very true. | ||||||||
| Very true | n=607 | n=594 | n=405 | 161 (26.5%) | 158(26.6%) | 91(22.5%) | |||
| Somewhat true | n=580 | n=671 | n=459 | 160 (27.6%) | 176(26.2%) | 127(27.7%) | 1.06(0.82-1.40) | 0.98(0.76-1.26) | 1.32(0.97-1.80) |
| Not too true | n=169 | n=193 | n=121 | 51 (30.2%) | 64(33.2%) | 34(28.1%) | 1.20(0.82-1.74) | 1.37(0.96-1.94) | 1.35(0.85-2.14) |
| Not at all true | n=106 | n=99 | n=56 | 39 (36.8%) | 32(40.5%) | 17(30.4%) | 1.61(1.05-2.49) | 1.88(1.16-3.05) | 1.50(0.81-2.78) |
| Work Fast (Job requires I work fast.) | Compared with strongly disagree. | ||||||||
| Strongly Disagree | n=48 | n=57 | n=29 | 14(29.2%) | 17(29.8%) | 5(17.2%) | |||
| Disagree | n=477 | n=444 | n=300 | 128(26.8%) | 109(24.6%) | 59(21.9%) | 0.89(0.46-1.71) | 0.77(0.42-1.41) | 1.18(0.43-3.21) |
| Agree | n=619 | n=713 | n=485 | 160(25.9%) | 203(28.4%) | 134(27.6%) | 0.85(0.44-1.62) | 0.94(0.52-1.69) | 1.83(0.69-4.90) |
| Strongly Agree | n=317 | n=332 | n=226 | 108(34.1%) | 104(31.3%) | 71(31.4%) | 1.26(0.65-2.44) | 1.07(0.58-1.98) | 2.20(0.81-6.00) |
| Work hours (# hours(h) worked last week) | Compared with < 40h | ||||||||
| ≤40h | n=746 | n=837 | n=583 | 209(28.0%) | 221(26.1%) | 158(27.1%) | |||
| 41-50h | n=402 | n=377 | n=261 | 124(30.9%) | 116(30.8%) | 57(21.8%) | 1.15(0.88-1.49) | 1.24(0.95-1.62) | 0.75(0.53-1.06) |
| 51-60h | n=188 | n=208 | n=129 | 35(18.6%) | 58(27.9%) | 34(26.4%) | 0.59(0.39-0.88) | 1.08(0.77-1.51) | 0.96(0.63-1.48) |
| 61-70h | n=69 | n=60 | n=40 | 22(31.9%) | 14(23.3%) | 11(27.5%) | 1.20(0.71-2.05) | 0.85(0.46-1.57) | 1.02(0.50-2.09) |
| >71h | n=56 | n=71 | n=30 | 20(35.7%) | 24(33.8%) | 9(30.0%) | 1.43(0.81-2.52) | 1.42(0.85-2.38) | 1.15(0.52-2.57) |
| Must Work (Mandatory to work extra hours.) | Yes vs. No | ||||||||
| No | n=1041 | n=1101 | n=724 | 262(25.2%) | 288(26.2%) | 181(25.0%) | |||
| Yes | n=411 | n=429 | n=303 | 146(35.5%) | 140(32.6%) | 8 5 (28. 1%) | 1.64(1.28-2.10) | 1.37(1.07-1.74) | 1.17(0.87-1.58) |
| Safety climate | Compared with strongly agree. | ||||||||
| Strongly agree | n=504 | n= 822 | n=527 | 126(25.0%) | 213(25.9%) | 122(23.2%) | |||
| Agree | n=713 | n=578 | n=414 | 19 (27.2%) | 161(27.9%) | 106(25.6%) | 1.12(0.86-1.46) | 1.10(0.87-1.40) | 1.14(0.85-1.54) |
| Disagree | n=179 | n=89 | n=58 | 68(38.0%) | 32(36.0%) | 20(34.5%) | 1.84(1.28-2.64) | 1.61(1.01-2.54) | 1.75(0.98-3.11) |
| Strongly disagree | n=65 | n=51 | n=41 | 21(32.3%) | 24(47.1%) | 21(51.2%) | 1.43(0.82-2.50) | 2.54(1.44-4.50) | 3.49(1.83-6.64) |
| Work Stress (How often is work stressful?) | Compared with never. | ||||||||
| Never | n=88 | n=80 | n=59 | 20(22.7%) | 15(18.8%) | 12(20.3%) | |||
| Hardly ever | n=255 | n=255 | n=178 | 51(20.0%) | 50(19.6%) | 32(18.0%) | 0.85(0.47-1.53) | 1.06(0.56-2.01) | 0.86(0.41-1.80) |
| Sometimes | n=622 | n=694 | n=437 | 151(24.3% | 174(25.1%) | 104(23.8%) | 1.09(0.64-0.85) | 1.45(0.81-2.61) | 1.22(0.63-2.39) |
| Often | n=350 | n=347 | n=266 | 121(34.6%) | 121(34.9%) | 78(29.3%) | 1.80(1.04-3.10) | 2.32(1.27-4.24) | 1.63(0.82-3.23) |
| Always | n=148 | n=174 | n=103 | 68(46.0%) | 73(42.0%) | 43(41.8%) | 2.89(1.60-5.24) | 3.13(1.66-5.92) | 2.81(1.33-5.91) |
| Work Schedule | Compared with day shift. | ||||||||
| Day Shift | n=1078 | n=1168 | n=781 | 297(27.6%) | 310(26.5%) | 189(24.2%) | |||
| Afternoon Shift | n=53 | n=55 | n=49 | 18(34.0%) | 19(34.6%) | 13(26.5%) | 1.35(0.75-2.43) | 1.46(0.826-2.585) | 1.13(0.59-2.18) |
| Night Shift | n=94 | n=92 | n=54 | 22(23.4%) | 30(32.6%) | 14(25.9%) | 0.80(0.49-1.32) | 1.34(0.850-2.111) | 1.10(0.58-2.06) |
| Split Shift | n=38 | n=29 | n=28 | 11(29.0%) | 12(41.4%) | 8(28.6%) | 1.07(0.53-2.19) | 1.95(0.923-4.139) | 1.25(0.54-2.89) |
| Irreg./on call | n=124 | n=129 | n=83 | 38(30.7%) | 36(27.9%) | 23(27.7%) | 1.16(0.78-1.74) | 1.07(0.714-1.608) | 1.20(0.72-1.20) |
| Rotating Shift | n=73 | n=74 | n=44 | 23(31.5%) | 25(33.8%) | 22(50%) | 1.21(0.73-2.02) | 1.43(0.857-2.326) | 3.13(1.70-5.78) |
| Dichotomized Variables | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 |
| Job Satisfaction (Are you satisfied with your job?) | No vs. Yes | ||||||||
| Yes | n=1301 | n=1409 | n=924 | 338(26.0%) | 372(26.4%) | 219(23.7%) | 2.36(1.69-3.30) | 2.08(1.46-2.95) | 2.33(1.57-3.46) |
| No | n=161 | n=143 | n=119 | 73(45.3%) | 61(43.0%) | 50(42.2%) | |||
| Safety Climate (Are safety conditions good at work?) | Yes vs. No | ||||||||
| No | n=244 | n=140 | n=99 | 89(36.5%) | 56(40.0%) | 41(41.4%) | 0.62(0.47-0.830) | 0.55(0.38-0.78) | 0.45(0.30-0.69) |
| Yes | n=1217 | n=1400 | n=941 | 320(26.3%) | 374(26.7%) | 228(24.2%) | |||
| Work Stress (How often is work stressful?) | Yes vs. No | ||||||||
| No 3,4,5 | n=965 | n=1029 | n=674 | 222(23.0% | 239(23.2%) | 148(22.0%) | 2.05(1.62-2.59) | 1.96(1.56-2.47) | 1.73(1.31-2.30) |
| Yes 1,2 | n=498 | n=521 | n=369 | 189(38.0%) | 194(37.2%) | 121(32.8%) | |||
| Work Fast (Does the job require that I work fast?) | Yes vs. No | ||||||||
| No | n=525 | n=501 | n=329 | 142(27.1%) | 126(25.2%) | 64(19.5%) | 1.08(0.85-1.37) | 1.24(0.97-1.58) | 1.67(1.22-2.30) |
| Yes | n=936 | n=1045 | n=711 | 268(28.6%) | 307(29.4%) | 205(28.8%) | |||
| Work Time (Is there enough time to get the job done?) | Yes vs. No | ||||||||
| No | n=275 | n=272 | n=177 | 90(32.7%) | 96(35.3%) | 51(28.8%) | 0.76(0.57-1.04) | 0.66(0.50-0.87) | 0.83(0.58-1.20) |
| Yes | n=1187 | n=1265 | n=864 | 321(27.0%) | 334(26.4% | 218(25.2%) | |||
| Risk Factor Combinations | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 |
| Heavy Lifting and Work Stress 3,4,5 | Compared with No-No | ||||||||
| No-No | n=517 | n=554 | n=354 | 91(17.6%) | 108(19.5%) | 63(17.8%) | |||
| No-Yes | n=277 | n=278 | n=199 | 81(29.4%) | 84(30.2%) | 58(29.2%) | 1.94(1.37-2.73) | 1.79(1.28-2.49) | 1.90(1.26-2.86) |
| Yes-No | n=448 | n=474 | n=319 | 131(29.4%) | 131(27.6%) | 85(26.7%) | 1.94(1.43-2.62) | 1.58(1.18-2.11) | 1.68(1.16-2.43) |
| Yes-Yes | n=221 | n=242 | n=170 | 108(48.9%) | 110(45.5%) | 63(37.1% | 4.47(3.16-6.33) | 3.44(2.48-4.78) | 2.72(1.80-4.11) |
| Interaction | 1.20(0.74-1.93) | 1.22(0.77-1.94) | 0.85 (0.48-1.51) | ||||||
| Heavy Lifting and Work Fast | Compared with No-No | ||||||||
| No-No | n=305 | n=284 | n=178 | 68(22.3%) | 61(21.5%) | 32(18.0%) | |||
| No-Yes | n=488 | n=544 | n=372 | 104(21.3%) | 131(24.0%) | 89(23.9%) | 0.94(0.67-1.33) | 1.16(0.82-1.64) | 1.44(0.91-2.25) |
| Yes-No | n=220 | n=217 | n=151 | 74(33.6%) | 65(29.7%) | 32(21.2%) | 1.77(1.20-2.61) | 1.56(1.04-2.35) | 1.23(0.71-2.12) |
| Yes-Yes | n=448 | n=500 | n=338 | 164(36.6%) | 176(35.2%) | 116(43.3%) | 2.01(1.45-2.80) | 1.99(1.42-2.78) | 2.36(1.53-3.72) |
| Interaction | 1.21(0.74-1.96) | 1.10(0.67-1.78) | 1.35(0.72-2.56) | ||||||
| Heavy Lifting and Work Time | Compared with No-Yes | ||||||||
| No-Yes | n=636 | n=671 | n=453 | 135(21.2%) | 142(21.2%) | 96(21.2%) | |||
| No-No | n=156 | n=153 | n=100 | 37(23.7%) | 49(32.0% | 25(25.0%) | 1.15 (0.76-1.75) | 1.76(1.19-2.58) | 1.24(0.75-2.06) |
| Yes-Yes | n=551 | n=594 | n=410 | 186(33.8%) | 192(32.3%) | 122(29.8%) | 1.89(1.46-2.45) | 2.47(1.63-3.73) | 1.58(1.16-2.15) |
| Yes-No | n=119 | n=118 | n=77 | 53(44.5%) | 47(39.8%) | 26(33.8%) | 2.98(1.98-4.48) | 1.80(1.38-2.29) | 1.90(1.12-3.20) |
| Interaction | 1.37(0.78-2.08) | 0.79(0.45-1.38) | 0.67(0.33-1.38) | ||||||
| Hand Movement and Work Stress 3,4,5 | Compared with No-No | ||||||||
| No-No | n=491 | n=544 | n=366 | 80(16.3%) | 106(19.5%) | 58(15.9%) | |||
| No-Yes | n=223 | n=238 | n=191 | 56(25.1%) | 61(25.6%) | 55(28.8%) | 1.72(1.17-2.53) | 1.42(0.93-2.01) | 2.15(1.41-3.27) |
| Yes-No | n=474 | n=485 | n=307 | 142(30.0% | 133(27.4%) | 90(29.3%) | 2.20(1.61-3.00) | 1.56(1.17-2.09) | 2.20(1.52-3.20) |
| Yes-Yes | n=275 | n=282 | n=178 | 133(48.4) | 133(47.2%) | 66(37.1%) | 4.81(3.44-6.74) | 3.69(2.69-5.09) | 3.13(2.07-4.73) |
| Interaction | 1.37(0.77-2.08) | 1.66(1.03-2.66) | 0.97(0.47-2.00) | ||||||
| Hand Movement and Work Fast | Compared with No-No | ||||||||
| No-No | n=301 | n=285 | n=193 | 59(19.6%) | 60(21.1%) | 31(16.1%) | |||
| No-Yes | n=412 | n=404 | n=361 | 77(18.7%) | 107(21.7%) | 82(22.7%) | 0.94(0.65-1.38) | 1.04(0.73-1.48) | 1.53(0.97-2.42) |
| Yes-No | n=224 | n=216 | n=136 | 83(37.0%) | 66(30.1%) | 33(24.3%) | 2.41(1.63-3.58) | 1.65(1.10-2.48) | 1.67(0.97-2.90) |
| Yes-Yes | n=524 | n=551 | n-349 | 191(36.5%) | 200(36.0%) | 123(35.2%) | 2.35(1.68-3.29) | 2.14(1.53-2.98) | 2.84(1.83-4.43) |
| Interaction | 1.03 (0.63-1.67) | 1.25(0.77-2.04) | 1.11(0.58-2.10) | ||||||
| Hand Movement and Work Time | Compared with No-Yes | ||||||||
| No-Yes | n=586 | n=652 | n=474 | 110(18.8%) | 138(21.2%) | 97(20.5%) | |||
| No-No | n=126 | n=123 | n=82 | 26(20.6%) | 27(22.0%) | 16(19.5%) | 1.13(0.70-1.82) | 1.04(0.66-1.67) | 0.94(0.52-1.70) |
| Yes-Yes | n=601 | n=667 | n=389 | 211(35.1%) | 196(32.0%) | 121(31.1%) | 2.34(1.79-3.06) | 3.21(2.21-4.66) | 1.76(1.29-2.39) |
| Yes-No | n=149 | n=69 | n=95 | 64(43.0%) | 69(46.3%) | 35(36.8%) | 2.35(1.68-3.29) | 1.75(1.36-2.26) | 2.27(1.41-3.64) |
| Interaction | 1.24(0.68-2.26) | 1.75(0.97-3.17) | 1.37(0.65-2.91) | ||||||
| Physical Effort 3,4,5 and Work Stress 3,4,5 | Compared with No-No | ||||||||
| No-No | n=365 | 58(15.9%) | |||||||
| No-Yes | n=194 | 51(26.3%) | 1.89(1.23-2.89) | ||||||
| Yes-No | n=306 | 89(29.1%) | 2.17(1.49-3.15) | ||||||
| Yes-Yes | n=175 | 70(40.0%) | 3.53(2.34-5.33) | ||||||
| Interaction | 0.86(0.48-1.53) | ||||||||
| Physical Effort 3,4,5 and Work Fast | Compared with No-No | ||||||||
| No-No | n=178 | 32(18.0%) | |||||||
| No-Yes | n=372 | 89(23.9%) | 1.45(0.92-2.31) | ||||||
| Yes-No | n=151 | 32(21.2%) | 1.72(0.99-2.97) | ||||||
| Yes-Yes | n=338 | 116(34.3%) | 3.05(1.95-4.78) | ||||||
| Interaction | 1.22 (0.64-2.33) | ||||||||
| Physical Effort 3,4,5 and Work Time | Compared with No-Yes | ||||||||
| No-Yes | n=474 | 97(20.5%) | |||||||
| No-No | n=82 | 16(19.5%) | 1.24(0.75-2.06) | ||||||
| Yes-Yes | n=389 | 121(31.1%) | 1.90(1.12-3.20) | ||||||
| Yes-No | n=95 | 35(36.8%) | 1.58(1.16-2.15) | ||||||
| Interaction | 0.97(0.47-2.00) | ||||||||
*
Number of interviewees with usable data.