Table 2.
Nutritional status in relation to mortality at different time periods after antiretroviral therapy initiation1,2
| Anthropometric indices | Mortality within the first 90 days | Overall mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| No. deaths/No. of children | RR (95% CI) | P for trend | No. deaths/No. of children | RR (95% CI) | P for trend | |
| Weight-for-age z score (WAZ) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| WAZ > −1 | 8/528 | 1.00 | 24/528 | 1.00 | ||
| −2< WAZ ≤ −1 | 11/612 | 1.39 (0.55, 3.49) | 27/612 | 1.13 (0.65, 1.97) | ||
| −3 < WAZ ≤ −2 | 16/548 | 2.51 (1.05, 5.95) | 39/548 | 1.85 (1.10, 3.11) | ||
| WAZ≤ −3 | 116/1456 | 7.12 (3.33, 15.22) | 178/1456 | 3.36 (2.12, 5.32) | ||
| Weight-for-height (WHZ) or body-mass index (BMIZ) z score3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| WHZ > −1 | 29/1789 | 1.00 | 81/1789 | 1.00 | ||
| −2< WHZ ≤ −1 | 8/181 | 0.90 (0.40, 2.04) | 12/181 | 0.58 (0.31, 1.09) | ||
| −3 < WHZ ≤ −2 | 21/457 | 2.25 (1.27, 3.99) | 51/457 | 2.09 (1.46, 3.00) | ||
| WHZ≤ −3 | 93/717 | 5.80 (3.65, 9.22) | 124/717 | 2.94 (2.14, 4.03) | ||
| Height-for-age z score (HAZ) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| HAZ > −1 | 18/598 | 1.00 | 32/598 | 1.00 | ||
| −2< HAZ ≤ −1 | 27/722 | 1.90 (1.03, 3.50) | 54/722 | 1.92 (1.23, 3.00) | ||
| −3 < HAZ ≤ −2 | 32/756 | 2.09 (1.14, 3.82) | 54/756 | 1.80 (1.14, 2.82) | ||
| HAZ ≤ −3 | 74/1068 | 3.69 (2.11, 6.45) | 128/1068 | 3.03 (2.00, 4.60) | ||
| Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| MUAC>13.5 | 36/1962 | 1.00 | 85/1962 | 1.00 | ||
| 12.5–13.5 | 25/484 | 2.48 (1.41, 4.36) | 48/484 | 1.97 (1.34, 2.89) | ||
| 27/292 | 3.55 (1.99, 6.31) | 40/292 | 2.28 (1.49, 3.49) | |||
| 11.5≤MUAC<12.5 | 63/406 | 6.29 (3.62, 10.96) | 95/406 | 3.87 (2.63, 5.70) | ||
| MUAC<11.5 | ||||||
Cox proportional hazards model with age as time scale
Adjusted for calendar year (categorized as 2004–2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010), hemoglobin level (categorized as HB>11, 8.5–11, <8.5g/dL), immune suppression (categorized as severe, CD4+ T-cells<15% if ≤5 years; <200 cells/μL if >5 years and non severe), HIV disease stage (categorized as I, II, II and IV), history of TB (yes vs. no), opportunistic infections (yes vs. no), ARV regimen containing EFV (yes vs. no), district (Ilala, Kinondoni and Temeke), cotrimoxazole use (yes vs. no) and season at ART initiation (categorized as long dry, short dry, long rainy, short rainy) and sex
WHZ for children ≤2 years and BMIZ for children >2 years