Table 3.
Baseline characteristics in relation to overall mortality after antiretroviral therapy initiation1
| Predictor | No. deaths/No. of children | Univariate | Multivariate2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| RR (95% CI) | P for trend | RR (95% CI) | P for trend | ||
| Sex | 0.03 | 0.10 | |||
| Female | 116/1582 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 152/1562 | 1.31 (1.03, 1.67) | 1.23 (0.96, 1.57) | ||
| District of ART initiation | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Ilala | 103/1372 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Kinondoni | 58/888 | 0.84 (0.61, 1.16) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.12) | ||
| Temeke | 107/884 | 1.56 (1.19, 2.05) | 1.58 (1.18, 2.11) | ||
| ARV regimen | 0.01 | 0.11 | |||
| Contains stavudine | 68/761 | 1.58 (1.14, 2.19) | 1.32 (0.94, 1.84) | ||
| No stavudine | 95/1287 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Use of Cotrimoxazole | 0.43 | 0.59 | |||
| No | 138/1564 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 130/1580 | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.21) | ||
| Hemoglobin at ART initiation | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| HB>11 | 23/403 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 8.5–11 | 89/1281 | 1.06 (0.67, 1.68) | 0.98 (0.61, 1.56) | ||
| HB<8.5 | 156/1460 | 2.09 (1.34, 3.26) | 1.91 (1.21, 2.99) | ||
| Severe immune | 0.01 | 0.02 | |||
| suppression3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| No | 178/2109 | 1.67 (1.23, 2.28) | 1.46 (1.07, 2.00) | ||
| Yes | 90/1035 | ||||
| HIV disease stage | <0.001 | 0.003 | |||
| I | 16/266 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| II | 27/481 | 2.30 (1.22, 4.35) | 1.63 (0.85, 3.12) | ||
| III | 126/1540 | 3.70 (2.15, 6.35) | 1.85 (1.05, 3.27) | ||
| IV | 99/857 | 3.71 (2.14, 6.45) | 2.43 (1.33, 4.42) | ||
| History of TB | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||
| No | 213/2532 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 55/612 | 1.61 (1.17, 2.22) | 1.55 (1.09, 2.18) | ||
| Opportunistic infections4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 213/2532 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 55/612 | 2.24 (1.66, 3.02) | 2.23 (1.61, 3.09) | ||
Cox proportional hazards model with age as time scale
Adjusted for weight-for-age Z score (categorized as WAZ > −1, −2< WAZ ≤−1, −3 < WAZ ≤ −2, WAZ≤ −3), calendar year (categorized as 2004–2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010), hemoglobin level (categorized as HB>11, 8.5–11, <8.5g/dL), immune suppression (categorized as severe, CD4+ T-cells<15% if ≤5 years; <200 cells/μL if >5 years and non severe), HIV disease stage (categorized as I, II, II and IV), history of TB (yes vs. no), opportunistic infections (yes vs. no), ARV regimen containing EFV (yes vs. no), district (Ilala, Kinondoni and Temeke), cotnmoxazole use (yes vs. no) and season at ART initiation (categorized as long dry, short dry, long rainy, short rainy) and sex
CD4+ T-cells<15% if ≤5 years; <200 cells/μL if >5 years
Patient having at least one or more of the following; herpes zoster, fungal infection, oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, recurrent severe bacterial infection, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis with diarrhea, cryptococcal meningitis, extrapulmonary TB, lymphoma, kaposis sarcoma, HIV encephalopathy