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Examples of large cations binding to benzene. (a) Tetramethylammonium ions binding with one, two and three methyl groups towards the face of benzene. (b) Guanidinium ions binding in T-shaped and stacked conformations. (c) Tetramethylammonium binding to indole. Cation-π binding energies computed at M06/6-31G(d,p).
