Fig 5. Incidental death of L. amazonensis parasites treated with Piceatannol.

Promastigotes were treated or not with piceatannol and the incidental death measured by the expression of Annexin V. Untreated parasites control (A), 1% DMSO (B), parasites treated with piceatannol at 100 μM (C), 200 μM (D), 400 μM (E) and 30 μM miltefosine (F) are shown as a representative result. The percentage of Annexin-V positive promastigotes, treated as above, shown as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (G, bars represent Annexin⁺ plus Annexin⁺/PI⁺ cells). Leishmania mitochondrial activity. Promastigotes were cultured 48h in the presence or absence of 65 μM piceatannol and 1% DMSO (vehicle). The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated using JC-1 (H). Results expressed as red/green fluorescence ratios, represent the mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. **P<0.001, *** P <0.0001, compared to control. Milte = Miltefosine.