Table 2. Parameter estimates.

Benchmark values are in bold.

Determinant		Range	Comment/method of estimation
Number of demes	m	64	Typical number of languages/dialects in an AIATSIS linguistic zone [S1]
Effective deme size (one-third of census size)	n	32	Per previous estimates [17, 37]
Average number of neighbors per individual	d	4, 6, 8	Degree of scale-free graph (social network) [S1]
Within-deme fitness benefits of new technology	α	1.2–4.0	Depends on technology/norm under consideration
Periods per generation	T	2000	2 updates per week over 20 years
Maximum coalition size for strategy updating	k	2, 3, 4	Pairwise updating (benchmark) and small coalitions [46] [S1]
Mistake rate in strategy updating	ɛ	0.025, 0.05, 0.10	One mistake every 10–40 updates (benchmark 20)
Mutation rate from SI to N and vice versa	μ	0.001	For simulation purposes. For lower rates adjust timescales accordingly
Per generation ‘conflict’ probability	η	0.05, 0.10, 0.15	Similar to previous estimates [17] [S1]