Table 1.
Clinical characteristics for patients with severe CS undergoing PVAD implantation.
| All patients (N=65) | Survivors (N=32) | Non-survivors (N=33) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54.1 ± 14.5 | 47.3 ± 14.8 | 60.6 ± 10.9 | <0.001 |
| <45 years, n (%) | 15 (23.1) | 13 (40.6) | 2 (6.1) | |
| 45–64 years, n (%) | 35 (53.8) | 17 (53.1) | 18 (54.5) | <0.001 |
| ≥65 years, n (%) | 15 (23.1) | 2 (6.3) | 13 (39.4) | |
| Male (%) | 51 (78.5) | 25 (78.1) | 26 (78.8) | 0.95 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 (24.5–33.8) | 28.1 (24.5–33.8) | 29.5 (24.2–35.2) | 0.40 |
| Pre-PVAD LVEF% | 20.0 (15.0–30.0) | 15.0 (15.0–20.0) | 25.0 (15.0–30.0) | 0.009 |
| ≤15%, n (%) | 24 (42.1) | 16 (59.2) | 8 (26.7) | |
| 16–25%, n (%) | 17 (29.8) | 7 (25.9) | 10 (33.3) | 0.009 |
| >25%, n (%) | 16 (28.1) | 4 (14.8) | 12 (40.0) | |
| Ischemic CMP, n (%) | 38 (58.5) | 13 (40.6) | 25 (75.8) | 0.004 |
| Non-ischemic CMP, n (%) | 27 (41.5) | 19 (59.4) | 8 (24.2) | |
| LV dysfunction, n (%) | 33 (50.8) | 14 (43.8) | 19 (57.6) | |
| RV dysfunction, n (%) | 3 (4.6) | 2 (6.3) | 1 (3.0) | 0.52 |
| BiV dysfunction, n (%) | 29 (44.6) | 16 (50.0) | 13 (39.4) | |
| PCI during hospitalization, n (%) | 21 (32.3) | 7 (21.9) | 14 (42.4) | 0.091 |
| IABP, n (%) | 35 (53.8) | 19 (59.4) | 16 (48.5) | 0.44 |
| Impella, n (%) | 4 (6.2) | 1 (3.1) | 3 (9.1) | 0.61 |
| IABP duration (hh:mm) | 10:57 (3:56–33:20) | 8:43 (4:02–15:33) | 17:22 (2:49–45:14) | 0.30 |
| PVAD duration (dd hh:mm) | 5 20:30 (3 16:46–7 14:29) | 5 17:11 (3 21:13–7 15:55) | 5 23:05 (3 02:42–7 15:28) | 0.64 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) <48 h prior to PVAD start | 16 (24.6) | 9 (28.1) | 7 (21.2) | 0.47 |
| Time from arrest to PVAD (hh:mm) | 9:42 (4:10–17:08) | 13:11 (7:54–25:46) | 4:44 (1:28–11:30) | 0.18 |
| Patients who underwent RRT, n (%) | 13 (20.0) | 4 (12.5) | 9 (27.3) | 0.21 |
| Patients who received PRBC transfusion on PVAD support, n (%) | 48 (73.8) | 23 (71.9) | 25 (75.8) | 0.72 |
| Number of PRBC transfusions given while on PVAD support | 5.0 (3.0–8.8) | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | 5.0 (3.5–8.0) | 0.64 |
BMI: body mass index; PVAD: percutaneous ventricular assist device; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; CMP: cardiomyopathy; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; RRT: renal replacement therapy; PRBC: packed red blood cells.
Mean ± SD is presented for normally distributed variables, and median (interquartile range) for variables that are not normally distributed, unless otherwise specified.