Medications to regulate bowel movements (loperamide, codeine) |
99/160 (61 %) |
Antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole) |
23/160 (14 %) |
Immune-modulating agents (thiopurines, anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, methotrexate) |
9/160 (6 %) |
Aminosalicylates |
7/160 (4 %) |
Proton pump inhibitors |
5/160 (3 %) |
Analgesics (fentanyl, acetaminophen, gabapentin) |
5/160 (3 %) |
Supplements (iron, B12, probiotics) |
4/160 (3 %) |
Antispasmodics (anti-cholinergics) |
4/160 (2 %) |
Steroids (rectal steroids, prednisone) |
3/160 (2 %) |
Other medications for heartburn or nausea |
1/160 (2 %) |