Table 2.
Fatty acid composition of lipids produced using Yarrowia lipolytica mutant strain F on Kluyveromyces-treated coffee waste compared to that for other Y. lipolytica strains and to plant oils (references provided in column headings)
| Fatty acid | Strain F (without borraa) (%) | Strain F (with borra) (%) | Strain W29 in YNBOb medium (%) (Mlíčková et al. 2004) | Strain W29 in wheat straw hydrolysate (%) (Yu et al. 2011) | Strain W29 Po1g in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate (%) (Tsigie et al. 2011) | Strain MUCL 28849c (%) (Fontanille et al. 2012) | Palm (%) (Bio-diesel 2013) | Soy (%) (Bio-diesel 2013) | Canola (%) (Bio-diesel 2013) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C16:0 = palmitic | 28.5 | 27.1 | 5.5 | 5.7 (total of all C16) | 17.76 | 14–23 | 41.1 | 10.2 | 4.0 |
| C16:1 = palmitoleic | 1.8 | 8.2 | 16 | 14.12 | 3–8 | – | – | – | |
| C18:0 = stearic | 30.0 | 20.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 4.39 | 6–39 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 1.9 |
| C18:1 = oleic | 3.7 | 2.9 | 66 | 55.3 | 55.55 | 17–37 | 40.3 | 21.7 | 61.9 |
| C18:2 = linoleic | 26.5 | 36.7 | 8.7 | 20.9 | 11–31 | 10.8 | 53.1 | 19.3 | |
| C18:3 = linolenic | 1.35 | 0.92 | – | 7.0 | 9.3 | ||||
| C20:0 = arachidic or C20:1 | 1.37 (C20:0) | 1.5(C20:0) | 0.7 (C20:1) | 1.2 (C:20:1) | |||||
| C22:0 = behenic | 1.01 | 0.73 | |||||||
| C30:0 = melissic | 0 | 1.22 | |||||||
| 94.2 | 99.3 | 98.0 | 82.7 | 91.8 | 97.5 | 96.2 | 97.6 | ||
| Monoglycerides | 11.0 | 4.7 | |||||||
| Diglycerides | 37.1 | 33.4 | |||||||
| Triglycerides | 52.0 | 62.0 | |||||||
| 100.1 | 100.1 |
aBorra = spent coffee grounds
bYNBO = minimal oleic acid medium containing yeast nitrogen base
cOn various glucose, glycerol, and volatile fatty acid combination substrates