Table 6.

The changes in the expression of different genes in chicken hepatocytes pretreated with phenolic-enriched fraction (PEF) and exposed to AFB1

	Gene expression (Fold changes)
Items		PEF concentration (μg/ml)				Control+	S.E.M
	0	5	10	20	40
Up-regulated genes
Bcl2	1.0d	+2.1cd	+3.2c	+4.3b	+5.9a	+5.6a	0.39
Down-regulated genes
NF-kB	1.0d	−1.5d	−2.6c	−3.6b	−4.4a	−4.6a	0.36
TNF-α	1.0d	−1.2cd	−2.1c	−3.7b	−5.1a	−4.9a	0.41
IL1ß	1.0d	−1.1d	−1.6c	−2.2b	−2.9a	−3.2a	0.18
IL6	1.0d	−1.3cd	−1.7c	−2.4b	−3.5a	−3.4a	0.21
iNOS	1.0d	−1.7cd	−2.4bc	−3.3b	−4.8a	−4.4a	0.43
Bax	1.0d	−1.8cd	−2.7c	−4.2b	−5.7a	−5.2a	0.47

The cells were pre-treated for 24 h with different concentrations of PEF ranging from 0 to 40 μg/ml and positive control (10 μM or 1.7 μg/ml gallic acid). The media were replaced with a medium containing 5 μM of AFB1 and the cells were incubated for another 48 h

The expression of each gene was normalised to the GAPDH and ß-actin expressions as housekeeping genes and then the result normalised to the expression of that gene in the negative control (PEF 0 μg/ml)

S.E.M Standard error of the means

Means (n = 3) with different superscripts (a,b,c,d) within a row are significantly different (p < 0.05)