Table 4.
Positional Differences in Frequency of Postimpact Symptoms
| Meana (SD) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | OL | DL | RB | LB | DB | ST | TE | WR | QB | p valueb | Fb | |
| Dizziness | 2.19 (1.09) | 2.54 (1.16) | 2.26 (1.07) | 2.11 (1.17) | 2.35 (1.08) | 1.97 (0.97) | 1.41 (0.87) | 2.61 (1.05) | 1.92 (0.93) | 2.00 (1.06) | <0.001c | 6.42 |
| Bell rung | 2.53 (1.14) | 2.86 (1.10) | 2.50 (0.99) | 2.46 (1.15) | 2.82 (1.22) | 2.23 (1.06) | 1.35 (0.81) | 2.90 (1.07) | 2.47 (1.13) | 2.43 (1.13) | <0.001d | 8.63 |
| Loss of consciousness | 1.10 (0.41) | 1.11 (0.44) | 1.07 (0.29) | 1.04 (.204) | 1.13 (0.49) | 1.12 (0.42) | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.07 (0.26) | 1.21 (0.64) | 1.05 (0.22) | 0.149 | 1.51 |
| Saw stars | 1.84 (1.00) | 1.98 (1.07) | 1.86 (0.99) | 1.73 (1.05) | 2.17 (1.08) | 1.72 (0.97) | 1.21 (0.56) | 1.83 (0.92) | 1.66 (0.80) | 1.83 (1.01) | <0.001e | 4.21 |
| Vomited or felt nauseous | 1.14 (0.46) | 1.21 (0.53) | 1.15 (0.46) | 1.13 (0.34) | 1.16 (0.56) | 1.13 (0.44) | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.07 (0.26) | 1.12 (0.52) | 1.05 (0.22) | 0.267 | 1.25 |
| Forgot what to do on the field | 1.29 (0.64) | 1.30 (0.61) | 1.33 (0.76) | 1.24 (0.55) | 1.45 (0.75) | 1.21 (0.55) | 1.10 (0.56) | 1.20 (0.56) | 1.27 (0.63) | 1.35 (0.66) | 0.087 | 1.74 |
| Headache ≥1 time in week after hit | 2.07 (1.15) | 2.43 (1.27) | 2.12 (1.06) | 2.19 (1.21) | 2.28 (1.28) | 1.86 (1.04) | 1.17 (0.66) | 2.27 (1.07) | 1.81 (0.99) | 1.65 (0.89) | <0.001f | 6.55 |
| Concentration difficulties | 1.47 (0.89) | 1.66 (1.09) | 1.57 (0.86) | 1.53 (1.00) | 1.56 (0.92) | 1.25 (0.65) | 1.17 (0.66) | 1.56 (0.90) | 1.35 (0.69) | 1.35 (0.89) | 0.004g | 2.85 |
Symptom frequency was measured on a 6-point scale ranging from 1=never to 6=more than once per day; higher mean scores indicate increased symptom frequency.
Reflects differences in symptom and symptom reporting outcomes between position groups as measured by a one-way analysis of variance.
Dizziness significant positional differences from Tukey's post-hoc tests: (TE, OL)>(DB, WR, ST); (LB, DL)>ST.
Bell rung significant positional differences from Tukey's post-hoc tests: (TE, OL, LB)>(DB, ST); ST<(TE, OL, LB, DL, WR, RB, QB, DB).
Saw stars significant positional differences from Tukey's post-hoc tests: LB>(DB, WR, ST); (OL, DL)>ST.
Headache ≥1 time in week after hit significant positional differences from Tukey's post-hoc tests: OL>(DB, WR, QB, ST); LB>(QB, ST); (TE, RB, DL)>ST.
Concentration difficulties significant positional differences from Tukey's post-hoc tests: OL>DB.
OL, offensive linemen; DL, defensive linemen; RB, running backs; DB, defensive backs; ST, special teams; TE, tight end; WR, wide receiver; QB, quarterback; SD, standard deviation.