Table 1.
Enzymes involved in sugar nucleotide pathways, GPI-anchor and C-, N- and O-glycan biosynthesis of P. falciparum
| Step | Enzyme name | Enzyme number | P. falciparum homologuesa | Syntenic orthologsb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hexokinase (HK) | EC 2.7.1.1 | PF3D7_0624000 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 2 | Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) | EC 5.3.1.9 | PF3D7_1436000 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 3 | Glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFPT) | EC 2.6.1.16 | PF3D7_1025100 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 4 | Glucosamine-phosphate N- acetyltransferase (GNA) | EC 2.3.1.4 | No gene identified | |
| 5 | Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PAGM) | EC 5.4.2.3 | PF3D7_1130000 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 6 | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP) | EC 2.7.7.23 | PF3D7_1343600 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 7 | Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (MPI) | EC 5.3.1.8 | PF3D7_0801800 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 8 | Phosphomannomutase (PMM) | EC 5.4.2.8 | PF3D7_1017400 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 9 | Mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase (MPG) | EC 2.7.7.13 | PF3D7_1420900 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 10 | GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (GMD) | EC 4.2.1.47 | PF3D7_0813800 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 11 | GDP-L-fucose synthase (FS) | EC 1.1.1.271 | PF3D7_1014000 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 12 | Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) | EC 5.4.2.2 | PF3D7_1012500 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 13 | UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (UGP) or UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USP) | EC 2.7.7.9 or EC 2.7.7.64 | PF3D7_0517500 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 14 | Galactokinase (GK) | EC 2.7.1.6 | No gene identified | |
| 15 | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE) | EC 5.1.3.2 | No gene identified | |
| 16 | Dolichol-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 1 (DPM1) | EC 2.4.1.83 | PF3D7_1141600 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| Enzymes involved in GPI-Anchor biosynthesis | ||||
| 17 | phosphatidylinositol n- acetylglucosaminyltransferase (PIG-A) | EC 2.4.1.198 | PF3D7_0618900.1 and PF3D7_0935300 and/or PF3D7_1032400 and/or PF3D7_1141400 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 18 | N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol deacetylase (PIG-L) | EC 3.5.1.89 | PF3D7_0624700 and/or PF3D7_0911000 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 19 | Inositol acyltransferase (PIG-W) | EC 2.3 | PF3D7_0615300 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 20 | GPI mannosyltransferase I (PIG-M) | EC 2.4.1 | PF3D7_1210900 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 21 | GPI mannosyltransferase II (PIG-V) | EC 2.4.1 | PF3D7_1247300 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 22 | GPI mannosyltransferase III (PIG-B) | EC 2.4.1 | PF3D7_1341600 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 23 | GPI mannosyltransferase IV | EC 2.4.1 | No gene identified | |
| Enzymes involved in N-glycans biosynthesis | ||||
| 24 | UDP-N-Acetyl-glucosamine-1-P transferase (ALG7) | EC 2.7.8.15 | PF3D7_0321200 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 25 | UDP-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit (ALG13) | EC 2.4.1.141 | PF3D7_0806400 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 26 | UDP-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit (ALG14) | EC 2.4.1.141 | PF3D7_0211600 | Pv, Pk, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| 27 | Catalytic subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex (STT3) | EC 2.4.99.18 | PF3D7_1116600 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| Enzymes involved in O-fucosylation | ||||
| 28 | GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (PoFUT2) | EC 2.4.1.221 | PF3D7_0909200 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
| Enzymes involved in C-mannosylation | ||||
| 29 | C-mannosyltransferase | EC 2.4.1 | PF3D7_0806200 | Pv, Pk, Pc, Pr, Pb, Py, Pch |
aAll the gene ID numbers are identified and annotated in P. falciparum genome as putative candidates. The genes in italics (GMD and FS) are the only ones that have been functionally characterized [12]
bSyntenic orthologs identified in other Plasmodium species. Pv (P. vivax), Pk (P. knowlesii), Pc (P. cynomolgy), Pr (P. reichenowi), Pb (P. berghei), Py (P. yoelii) and Pch (P. chabaudi) [22]