Table 3.
Methylation markers by patient characteristics
| CCNA1 | NDN | CD1A | DCC | p16 | GADD45 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| median (range) | p | median (range) | p | median (range) | p | median (range) | p | median (range) | p | median (range) | p | |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| <40 years | 19.5 (14.5, 64.7) | 0.4 | 40.8 (34.5, 72.8) | 0.4 | 78.6 (56.8, 91.2)) | 0.02 | 21.3 (9.9, 62.3) | 0.4 | 3.1 (0.6, 25.0) | 0.5 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.8) | 0.5 |
| 40-60 | 25.8 (3.0, 90.5) | 44.6 (10.8, 84.2) | 71.0 (22.2, 93.9) | 33.2 (3.1, 85.8) | 2.3 (0, 70.1) | 1.4 (0, 3.9) | ||||||
| ≥60 | 27.3 (5.5, 77.0) | 43.9 (11.2, 84.9) | 68.6 (21.4, 90.9) | 33.7 (3.0, 79.8) | 2.2 (0, 59.8) | 1.4 (0, 16.0) | ||||||
| HPV | ||||||||||||
| Positive | 33.3 (3.0, 76.0) | <0.001 | 52.7 (14.0, 84.9) | <0.001 | 77.6 (25.1, 93.9) | <0.001 | 44.7 (3.1, 85.8) | <0.001 | 1.9 (0, 59.8) | <0.001 | 1.4 (0.4, 3.9) | 0.8 |
| Negative | 20.9 (5.5, 90.5) | 40.0 (10.8, 80.3) | 65.4 (21.4 (92.2) | 26.0 (3.0, 83.3) | 2.5 (0, 70.1) | 1.4 (0, 16) | ||||||
| Pack Years | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 26.6 (3.0, 90.5) | 0.2 | 46.4 (14.0, 84.2) | 0.01 | 79.7 (47.2, 93.9) | <0.001 | 36.7 (3.1, 79.8) | 0.1 | 2.2 (0, 26.9) | 0.7 | 1.5 (0.3, 3.7) | 0.2 |
| 0-10 | 31.5 (13.3, 63.3) | 45.9 (24.6, 75.7) | 70.5 (32.4, 91.1) | 40.5 (10.8, 71.7) | 2.1 (0, 46.6) | 1.4 (0.4, 16.0) | ||||||
| 10-20 | 23.6 (6.8, 64.8) | 46.4 (10.8, 76.8) | 73.0 (26.7, 91.7) | 32.7 (6.1, 75.1) | 2.2 (0, 70.1) | 1.6 (0.7, 3.9) | ||||||
| 20+ | 25.5 (6.3, 77.0) | 41.3 (11.2, 84.9) | 64.2 (21.4, 92.0) | 31.4 (3.0, 85.8) | 2.4 (0, 59.8) | 1.4 (0, 3.9) | ||||||
| Tobacco | ||||||||||||
| Current | 25.5 (6.3, 76.0) | 0.8 | 45.0 (10.8, 84.9) | 0.02 | 69.5 (25.1, 91.7) | <0.001 | 39.5 (4.2, 83.3) | 0.03 | 2.2 (0, 70.1) | 0.7 | 1.4 (0, 16) | 0.5 |
| Former | 25.6 (6.8, 77.0) | 42.2 (11.2, 80.3) | 64.4 (21.4, 90.0) | 29.3 (3.0, 85.8) | 2.4 (0, 46.6) | 1.4 (0, 3.9) | ||||||
| Never | 26.6 (3, 90.5) | 46.4 (14.0, 84.2) | 79.7 (47.2, 93.9) | 35.7 (3.1, 79.8) | 2.2 (0, 26.9) | 1.5 (0.3, 3.7) | ||||||
| Site | ||||||||||||
| Larynx/Glottic | 24.5 (8.0, 90.5) | <0.001 | 41.2 (11.2, 84.9) | <0.001 | 56.2 (21.6, 92.2) | <0.001 | 26.3 (3.1, 83.3) | <0.001 | 2.4 (0, 51.8) | <0.001 | 1.4 (0, 3.9) | 0.02 |
| Oral Cavity | 22.0 (5.5, 77.0) | 40.0 (10.8, 62.8) | 70.6 (21.4, 90.2) | 28.4 (3.0, 67.2) | 2.6 (0, 70.1) | 1.4 (0, 16.0) | ||||||
| Oropharynx | 32.3 (3.0, 76.0) | 52.7 (21.8, 84.2) | 77.5 (21.6, 93.9) | 42.5 (6.1, 81.6) | 2.0 (0, 39.9) | 1.4 (0.4, 3.9) | ||||||
| Hypopharynx | 15.6 (9.0, 64.0) | 44.2 (17.2, 91.0) | 60.5 (25.1, 90.6) | 54.5 (12.3, 85.8) | 2.6 90, 59.8) | 1.1 (0, 1.6) | ||||||
| Stage | ||||||||||||
| I/Cis | 27.5 (11.8, 77.0) | 0.01 | 38.6 (11.2, 80.3) | <0.001 | 68.1 (30.3, 89.4) | 0.8 | 26.7 (3.0, 67.2) | 0.1 | 2.5 (0, 39.0) | 0.1 | 1.3 (0, 3.5) | 0.3 |
| II | 22.4 (12, 74.3) | 41.2 (17.2, 84.2) | 68.8 (21.6, 88.3) | 40.8 (7.9, 83.3) | 2.3 (0, 59.8) | 1.4 (0.6, 4.6) | ||||||
| III | 21.3 (6.8, 61.3) | 40.4 (15.3, 69.7) | 71.2 (21.4, 90.2) | 28.8 (3.9, 75.1) | 2.6 (0, 70.1) | 1.5 (0, 16.0) | ||||||
| IV | 27.6 (3.0, 90.5) | 46.8 (10.8, 84.9) | 70.5 (21.6, 93.9) | 35.9 (3.1, 85.8) | 2.2 (0, 51.8) | 1.4 (0, 3.9) | ||||||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||||
| None | 29.5 (6.3, 74.3) | 0.4 | 46.0 (20.2, 84.2) | 0.3 | 74.8 (32.4, 93.9) | 0.006 | 33.1 (5.6, 75.2) | 0.6 | 2.5 (0, 39.9) | 0.4 | 1.5 (0.4, 4.6) | 0.1 |
| Mild | 25.5 (3.0, 77.0) | 43.3 (10.8, 84.9) | 69.5 (21.6, 92.0) | 35.4 (3.0, 85.8) | 2.2 (0, 70.1) | 1.4 (0, 16.0) | ||||||
| Moderate | 23.0 (6.8, 90.5) | 44.0 (15.0, 79.3) | 69.2 (21.4, 92.2) | 29.8 (3.5, 79.8) | 2.2 (0, 59.8) | 1.3 (0, 3.9) | ||||||
| Severe | 30.5 (13.5,63.3) | 44.6 (11.2, 80.3) | 65.4 (21.6, 85.1) | 43.0 (6.2, 83.3) | 1.8 (0, 51.8) | 1.2 (0, 3.9) | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 26.5 (3.0, 90.5) | 0.2 | 45.6 (13.0, 84.9) | 0.003 | 69.9 (21.4, 93.9) | 0.4 | 36.1 (3.1, 85.8) | 0.002 | 2.3 (0, 70.1) | 0.9 | 1.4 (0, 3.9) | 0.5 |
| Female | 23.8 (6.3, 77.0) | 40.5 (10.8, 68.9) | 69.5 (21.6, 91.7) | 25.4 (3.0, 75.1) | 2.1 (0, 46.6) | 1.4 (0, 16.0) | ||||||
Distribution of methylation markers across patient characteristics. p-values calculated by Kruskal-Wallis tests. Methylation values are expressed as percentages