Table 1.

Dental devices tested in the study

Device	Material	Composition (% mass)	Dimensions (mm)	Mass (g)
Keeper	GIGAUSS D400 (GC, Tokyo, Japan)	UNS S44627	φ3.0 × 0.6	0.034
	GIGAUSS D600 (GC)	UNS S44627	φ3.6 × 0.7	0.058
	GIGAUSS D1000 (GC)	UNS S44627	φ4.9 × 0.8	0.119
Coping A	GIGAUSS D600 (GC)	UNS S44627	φ3.6 × 0.7	0.058
	Pallatop 12 Multi (Dentsply-Sankin, Tochigi, Japan)	12% Au, 20% Pd, 50% Ag, 15% Cu, 3% other	10 (length)	0.941
Coping B	Attract P (Tokuriki-Honten Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan)	3% Au, 14% Ag, 48% Pd, 32% Co, 3% other	10 (length)	0.927

Ag, silver; Au, gold; Co, cobalt; Cu, copper; Pd, palladium; UNS, unified numbering system.