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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2015 Jul 17;149(6):1381–1391. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.007

Figure-5. Healthy controls distinctively demonstrate a unique pattern of striated-muscle peristaltic waves while distal smooth-muscle esophagus is quiescent.

Figure-5

A–B) In healthy controls, when the infusate reaches proximal esophagus a robust esophago-UES contractile reflex (EUCR), and sometimes a unique pattern of striated peristaltic waves sweep the infusate away from UES. Perhaps more importantly, when infusate is in close proximity of the lower border of UES, striated-muscle activity is universally present prior to any swallow-related UES relaxation. C–D) SERD patients frequently show impaired EUCR and non-peristaltic esophageal contractions. They frequently do not mount any esophageal striated activity prior to swallow-related UES relaxation despite exposure of the lower border of UES to infusate.