Figure 4.

Means and standard errors of neuroendocrine measures during the psychosocial stress procedure. Note: SC: saliva collection; M: males; F: females. To convert salivary cortisol (ng/mL) to System International Units (nmol/L), multiply by 2.76. For alpha-amylase (males), the group difference remained statistically significant (p values < 0.05) throughout the experiment with no interaction effect of group by time. ^a p < 0.05 for group differences in alpha-amylase prestressor levels (REST) or cortisol recovery (SC5; see also Table 2, results in bold). ^b p < 0.01, for group differences in cortisol reactivity (SC3; see also Table 2, result in bold).