Table 5.

Correlation between estrogen-induced genes and clinicopathologic parameters in normal pancreas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Characteristics	N	Median Estrogen-Induced Genes (mRNA/18S rRNA) ×10⁴ (range)
		PR	EIG121	IGF-1	IGF-1R	sFRP1	sFRP4
Normal	41	2.2 (0.6 – 14)	110 (41 – 230)	0.8 (0.2 – 18)	22 (8 – 45)	1.3 (0.3 – 9)	1.2 (0.1 – 595)
Tumor	131	32 (0 – 540)	380 (9.4 – 1800)	1.5 (0 – 23)	20 (0 – 230)	6.2 (0.2 – 210)	20 (0.1 – 540)
P value		<0.001	<0.001	0.002	0.84	<0.001	<0.001
Age (ρ)	131	.05	.05	.02	.02	.06	.03
P value		0.56	0.57	0.85	0.79	0.52	0.71
Gender
Female <50 years	20	28 (3.4 – 140)	420 (82 – 1800)	1.7 (0.3 – 10)	18 (3.2 – 73)	6.8 (0.4 – 110)	13 (0.2 – 360)
Female ≥50 years	30	34 (1.5 – 450)	460 (40 – 1400)	1.1 (0.1 – 11)	21 (2.5 – 200)	7.2 (0.2 – 39)	17 (0.2 – 240)
Male	81	31 (0 – 540)	310 (9.4 – 1700)	1.5 (0 – 23)	20 (0 – 230)	5.4 (0.2 – 210)	20 (0.1 – 540)
P value		0.81	0.11	0.39	0.96	0.72	0.97
Tumor size (ρ)	131	−0.17	0.17	−0.21	−0.18	0.23	−0.26
P value		0.05	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.002
WHO grade
Low (G1)	72	43 (1.6 – 350)	360 (9.3 – 1800)	1.2 (0.1 – 23)	25 (3.5 – 230)	4.3 (0.2 – 110)	14 (0.2 – 340)
Intermediate (G2)	59	26 (0 – 540)	400 (40 – 1300)	1.7 (0 – 14)	15 (0 – 130)	8.6 (0.2 – 210)	30 (0.1 – 540)
P value		0.03	0.85	0.05	0.001	0.001	0.24
AJCC Stage
IA – IIA	61	44 (1.6 – 350)	390 (9.4 – 1700)	1.5 (0.1 – 11)	24 (2.6 – 230)	3.9 (0.3 – 210)	20 (0.2 – 360)
IIB	33	38 (0 – 540)	490 (40 – 1800)	1.6 (0.1 – 23)	20 (2.4 – 200)	6.4 (0.2 – 65)	17 (0.1 – 540)
IV	37	18 (0 – 310)	270 (54 – 1100)	1.6 (0 – 14)	15 (0 – 91)	9.1 (0.2 – 190)	15 (0.2 – 340)
P value		0.003	0.02	0.43	0.005	0.02	0.98

Abbreviations: PR, progesterone receptor; EIG121, estrogen-induced gene – 121; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; sFRP, secreted frizzled-related protein; ρ, Spearman correlation coefficient; WHO, World Health Organization; AJCC, American Joint Commission on Cancer.