Table I.
Marker | Change | Cell or tissue | Species | Age | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GST activity | Decrease | Skeletal muscle | Human | [93] | |
GST activity | Decrease | Lymphocytes | Human | 50–60 y vs. 20–30 y | [65] |
GST activity | Decrease | Gastric mucosa | Human | 19–63 y | [129] |
GST activity | Unchanged | Erythrocytes | Human | 1 mo–63 y | [134] |
GST activity | Decrease | Liver | Rat | 20 mo vs. 2 mo | [130] |
GST activity | Down by 70%, recovered by safranal | Brain | Rat | 20 mo vs. 2 mo | [73] |
GST activity | Increase | Soleus muscle | Rat | 26 mo vs. 13 mo | [135] |
GST activity | Increase | Skeletal muscle and liver | Rat | 31 mo vs. 4 mo | [70] |
GST activity | Decrease in cytosol, increase in mitochondria | Liver | Rat | 31 mo vs. 4 mo | [70] |
GST activity | Decrease by 4 times | Liver | Rat | 22 mo vs. 3 mo | [95] |
GST D2 | Increase | - | Fly | 30d vs. 3d | [85] |
GST activity and GSTa protein | GST activity is up by 5.6 folds, GSTa protein unchanged | Liver | Rat | 21 mo vs. 1.5 mo | [79] |
Protein of GSTa and GSTp | No change | Lymphocytes | Human | 60–80 y vs. 20–40 y | [131] |
GST activity | No change | Liver | Rat | 26 mo vs. 6 mo | [132] |
GSTm2 mRNA | Decreased | Ovaries | Mice | 12 mo vs. 2–9 mo | [111] |
mRNA of GST isoenzymes | m2 higher, m4 and p1 lower in male; t2 lower and a1 higher in female, others not changed | Liver | Mice | 21 mo vs. 3 mo | [133] |
GST activity | Unchanged | Liver | Rat | 22 mo vs. 5 mo | [71] |