Table 2.

Properties of research materials.

Material	Type of material	Properties
Filtek Z350 XT	Nanohybrid composite resin	(i) Nanofiller improves compression strength and/or hardness, flexural strength, elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, water absorption, and wear resistance (ii) Optimizing the adhesion of restorative biomaterials to the mineralized hard tissues of the tooth is a decisive factor enhancing the mechanical strength, marginal adaptation, and seal, while improving the reliability and longevity of the adhesive restoration
Estelite Σ Quick	Microhybrid composite resin	(i) Outstanding polishability (ii) Wide shade matching range (chameleon effect) (iii) High gloss retention over time (chameleon effect) (iv) High wear resistance (v) Low shrinkage (vi) Good radiopacity
Ketac N100	Resin-modified nanoglass ionomer	(i) Nanoionomer is the first paste/paste, resin-modified glass ionomer developed with nanotechnology (ii) Using fluoroaluminosilicate (FAS) technology (iii) Exhibiting impressive surface characteristics (iv) High fluoride release (v) Improved wear resistance (vi) Radiopaque (vii) Light cure on demand
Opalescence PF	Home bleaching	(i) Low concentration of 20% carbamide peroxide, potassium nitrate, and fluoride ions
Opalescence Boost	In-office bleaching chair-side Whitening	(i) High concentration of 40% hydrogen peroxide