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Vitamin D3-deficient mice have higher cecal expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Weanling (3-wk-old) female C57Bl/6 mice were fed vitamin D3-deficient (0 IU) or vitamin D3-sufficient (1,000 IU) diets for 5 wk and then orally infected with C. rodentium. Expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in cecum during uninfected conditions and day 10 pi as assessed by quantitative (q)RT-PCR. Results are representative of 3 independent experiments; n = 4–12 per group; *P < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney test.
