Table 1.
Sample characteristics and behavioural symptoms according to the presence of callous–unemotional traits, as rated by the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) and conduct problems, as rated by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)
| CU− CP− (n = 41) |
CU+ CP− (n = 38) |
CU+ CP+ (n = 8) |
Between-group comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 37 (90.2) | 35 (92.1) | 7 (87.5) | ns |
| Childhood autism (v. other PDD), n (%) | 20 (48.8) | 21 (55.3) | 5 (62.5) | ns |
| ICD-10 symptom severity,a mean (s.d.) | 7.78 (2.24) | 8.26 (2.64) | 9.38 (2.39) | ns |
| With family disadvantage,b n (%) | 5 (15.6) | 7 (24.1) | 1 (16.7) | ns |
| Neighbourhood deprivation,c mean (s.d.) | −1.09 (2.20) | −0.58 (2.60) | −0.15 (0.81) | ns |
| WASI, mean (s.d.) | ||||
| Full-scale IQ | 85.90 (18.08) | 85.45 (17.00) | 72.00 (12.07) | CU+ CP+ <CU+ CP−, CU− CP−* |
| Verbal IQ | 81.37 (18.05) | 83.00 (17.44) | 67.50 (10.84) | CU+ CP+ <CU+ CP−, CU− CP−* |
| Performance IQ | 93.20 (19.37) | 90.00 (17.55) | 81.25 (13.84) | ns |
| APSD, mean (s.d.) | ||||
| Total | 10.59 (4.28) | 14.55 (4.27) | 21.75 (6.18) | CU+ CP+ >CU+ CP− >CU− CP−** |
| Callous-unemotional | 3.63 (1.36) | 7.47 (1.29) | 8.00 (1.31) | CU+ CP+, CU+ CP− >CU− CP−** |
| Impulsivity | 4.10 (1.77) | 4.26 (1.90) | 7.13 (2.42) | CU+ CP+, CU+ CP− >CU− CP−** |
| Narcissism | 2.59 (2.26) | 2.58 (2.25) | 5.50 (3.16) | CU+ CP+, CU+ CP− >CU− CP−** |
| SQD, mean (s.d.) | ||||
| Conduct problems | 1.32 (1.04) | 1.37 (1.02) | 5.25 (1.58) | CU+ CP+ >CU+ CP−, CU− CP−** |
| Hyperactivity | 5.56 (2.76) | 5.79 (2.32) | 7.25 (2.05) | ns |
| Emotional symptoms | 3.63 (2.55) | 3.34 (2.33) | 3.75 (2.31) | ns |
| Peer problems | 4.98 (2.38) | 5.92 (2.42) | 6.25 (2.96) | ns |
| Prosocial behaviourd | 6.15 (1.93) | 4.22 (2.02) | 4.13 (1.89) | CU+ CP+, CU+ CP− <CU− CP−** |
| SRS total,e mean (s.d.) | 83.00 (21.67) | 99.57 (20.52) | 113.38 (21.00) | CU+ CP+, CU+ CP− >CU− CP−** |
APSD, Antisocial Process Screening Device; CP, conduct problems; CU, callous-unemotional traits; ns, non-significant; PDD, pervasive developmental disorder; WASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SRS Social Responsiveness Scale;
a.
CU− CP−, n = 37; CU+ CP−, n = 34.
b.
CU− CP−, n = 32; CU+ CP−, n = 29; CU+ CP+, n = 6.
c.
CU− CP−, n = 40.
d.
CU+ CP−, n = 37.
e.
CU− CP−, n = 39; CU+ CP−, n = 37.
*
P<0.05
**
P<0.01.