The mean time course of pupil response, pupilmax (the log ratio of maximal pupil area to baseline pupil area) over all trials is plotted for each participant group; sound stimulus presentation is indicated by the gray rectangle. Mean pupil responses were normal in the AD group, significantly reduced in the bvFTD and PNFA groups relative to the control and AD groups (∗P < .05) and significantly reduced in the SD group relative to all other groups (∗∗P < .05). AD, Alzheimer's disease; control, healthy older control group; bvFTD, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia; PNFA, progressive nonfluent aphasia; SD, semantic dementia.