The maize ARF gene family. (A) Gene structure of ZmARF4 and ZmARF29, the maize co-orthologs of Arabidopsis MONOPTEROS. Triangles represent transposon insertions. Orange boxes, exons; white boxes, UTR regions. (B–D) Inflorescence-specific expression of maize-activating ARF genes by mRNA in situ hybridizations in immature tassels. Expression pattern in inflorescence meristems (B), spikelet-pair (C), and spikelet meristems (D). (Scale bars, 100 μm.)