Fig. 4.
Coevolutionary cycling in the individual-based model. (A and B) Small values of η produce lower frequency oscillations, which are characterized by short intervals of strong mate choice (black) and low virulence (gray), interspersed with long intervals of weak mate choice and higher virulence (virulence increases slowly due to a weak relationship with transmission. (C and D) Larger values of η produce higher frequency oscillations (virulence changes rapidly due to the strong relationship with transmission). Oscillations tend to have large amplitude when mate choice is not too costly (low c; A and C), but their magnitude decreases with higher costs (high c; B and D). Fixed parameters as in Fig. 1, with εH = εP = 0.02, (A) η = 0.3, c = 0.2; (B) η = 0.3, c = 0.4; (C) η = 0.5, c = 0.2; (D) η = 0.5, c = 0.4.