Table 1.
List of parenteral drug formulations containing co-solvents and surfactants.
| Solvent | Percentage in marketed formulation (%) | Percentage administered (%) | Route of administration | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cremophor EL | 11–65 | ≤10 | IV infusion | Paclitaxel |
| Cremophor RH 60 | 20 | ≤0.08 | IV infusion | Tacrolimus |
| Dimethylacetamide (DMA) | 6 | ≤3 | IV infusion | Teniposide |
| Ethanol | 5–80 | ≤6 | SC | Dihydroergotamine |
| Glycerin | 15–32 | ≤15 | IM, SC, IV | Dihydroergotamine |
| N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone | 100 | 100 | Subgingival | Doxycyclin |
| PEG 300 | ≤60 | ≤50 | IM, IV bolus | Methocarbamil |
| PEG 400 | 18–67 | ≤18 | IM | Lorazepam |
| Polysorbate 80 | 0.075–100 | ≤4 | IM | Chlordiazepoxide |
| Propylene glycol | 10–80 | ≤80 | IM | Lorazepam |
| Solutol HS-15 | 50 | 50 | IV | Propanidid |
IM: intramuscular; IV: intravenous; PEG: polyethylene glycol; SC: subcutaneous.