Table 4.
Hazard ratio (95% CI) per 10-μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in stratified analyses by age or sex with exposure at baseline (deaths within the first year were excluded).
| Cause of death | Age < 71 years | Age ≥ 71 years | Interactiona | Male | Female | Interactiona |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All natural causes | 1.23 (1.08, 1.40)** | 1.11 (1.03, 1.19)** | 0.07 | 1.17 (1.06, 1.29)** | 1.13 (1.03, 1.23)** | 0.7 |
| Cardiovascular | 1.42 (1.10, 1.84)** | 1.15 (1.00, 1.33) | 0.04 | 1.28 (1.05, 1.57)* | 1.19 (1.01, 1.40)* | 0.5 |
| IHD | 2.20 (1.47, 3.29)*** | 1.22 (0.96, 1.53) | 0.002 | 1.39 (1.02, 1.90)* | 1.44 (1.10, 1.89)** | 0.8 |
| Cerebrovascular | 1.21 (0.80, 1.84) | 1.24 (0.97, 1.59) | 0.8 | 1.32 (0.93, 1.87) | 1.21 (0.92, 1.58) | 0.9 |
| Respiratory | 1.37 (0.96, 1.95) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) | 0.1 | 1.11 (0.90, 1.38) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.22) | 0.5 |
| Pneumonia | 1.03 (0.63, 1.69) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.13) | 0.6 | 1.00 (0.75, 1.32) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.15) | 0.7 |
| COPD | 2.20 (1.26, 3.86) | 1.13 (0.81, 1.57) | 0.06 | 1.21 (0.85, 1.72) | 1.53 (0.93, 2.52) | 0.6 |
| External causes | 0.84 (0.41, 1.73) | 1.14 (0.68, 1.90) | 0.8 | 1.03 (0.60, 1.77) | 1.07 (0.57, 1.99) | 0.9 |
| ap-Value for the interaction term in the model for the combined data set. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. | ||||||