. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 2.

Published in final edited form as: IEEE Microw Mag. 2015 Feb 5;16(2):65–84. doi: 10.1109/MMM.2014.2377587

TABLE 1.

The variations of exposure limits to RF radiation in several countries.

Country/Guidelines	PD Restrictions for the General Public in W/m²	PD Restrictions for the General Public in mW/cm²	Frequency Range (GHz)	Basis
ICNIRP [17] (1998)	10	1	2–300	Science based
FCC [16] (1996)	10	1	1.5–100	Science based
China [32] (1987)^*	0.1	0.01	0.3–300	Science based
Russia [33] (2003)	0.1	0.01	0.3–300	Science based
Switzerland [34] and [35] (2000)^*	0.1	0.01	1.8–300	Precautionary
Italy [36] (2003)^*	0.1	0.01	0.0001–300	Precautionary
Typical maximum exposure from cellular base station mounted on 50-m tower (assuming a total effective radiated power of 2,500 W in each sector, summed over all channels)	0.01	0.001	1–2	Example from [29]

These restrictions only apply to sensitive areas, such as school, hospital, or rooms in buildings, where they are regularly occupied by persons for prolonged periods.