Table 1. Patient characteristics of pediatric cardiac surgical patients (N=3,517).
| Male sex | 1,976 (56.2) |
| Race | |
| Caucasian | 2,003 (57.0) |
| African American | 445 (12.7) |
| Asian | 254 (7.2) |
| Hispanic | 534 (15.2) |
| Other | 208 (5.9) |
| Unknown | 73 (2.1) |
| Current weight, kg | 3.6 (3.0-5.7) |
| Age group | |
| Neonate (< 30 days) | 1,902 (54.1) |
| Infant (31 –365 days) | 1,032 (29.3) |
| Child (366 days –18 years) | 583 (16.6) |
| Weight-for-Age z-score | -1.13 ± 1.38 |
| Underweight (weight-for-age z-score < -2) | 885 (25.2) |
| Normal (-2 ≤ weight-for-age z-score ≤ 2) | 2,287 (65.0) |
| Overweight (weight-for-age z-score > 2) | 43 (1.2) |
| Unknown | 302 (8.6) |
| Cardiac Diagnosis | |
| Structural heart disease | 3,363 (95.6) |
| Non-Structural heart disease | 97 (2.8) |
| Unknown | 57 (1.6) |
| Cyanotic Lesion | |
| Yes | 2,853 (81.1) |
| No | 607 (17.3) |
| Unknown | 57 (1.6) |
| Genetic anomaly | 238 (6.8) |
| Pre-ECMO | |
| Pre-ECMO Mechanical support | 64 (1.8) |
| On ECMO | |
| Duration of ECMO, hours | 104 (64-167) |
| Pump flow at either 4th hour or 24th hour, cc/min | |
| < 200 cc/min | 163 (4.6) |
| ≥ 200 cc/min | 3,282 (93.3) |
| Missing | 72 (2.0) |
| Pump flow at either 4th hour or 24th hour, cc/kg/min | |
| > 75th percentile | 1,056 (30.0) |
| ≤ 75th percentile | 2,380 (67.7) |
| Missing | 81 (2.3) |
| Additional cannulae | 272 (7.7) |
| Cannulation site | |
| Chest cannulation | 2,924 (83.1) |
| Neck cannulation | 411 (11.7) |
| Groin or other | 44 (1.3) |
| Unknown | 138 (3.9) |
| Presence of left atrial cannula | 350 (10.0) |
| Clots: Any | 919 (26.1) |
| Arterial limb | 558 (15.9) |
| Oxygenator | 415 (11.8) |
| Bridge | 126 (3.6) |
| Bladder | 193 (5.5) |
| Hemofilter | 160 (4.5) |
| Clinical Outcomes | |
| Recovery to decannulation | 2,519 (71.6) |
| Death at decannulation | 987 (28.1) |
| Alive at discharge | 1,646 (46.8) |
| Procedural Factors | |
| STS risk category | |
| 1 to 3 | 1,419 (40.3) |
| 4 or 5 | 2,005 (57.0) |
| Unknown | 93 (2.6) |
| CPB time, minutes | 193 (132-282) |
Abbreviations: CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
Data are presented as N (%) for categorical variables and Median (Interquartile range) or Mean ± Standard deviation, as appropriate, for continuous variables.