Table 3.

Comparison of pain, medical, psychiatric, and substance use disorders across outpatient treatment settings in patients with unintentional opioid overdose death.

	Total		Pain		Specialty Outpatient		Primary Care		Other Medical		Mental Health		Substance disorder		p-value
	(N=1457)		(N=40)		(N=255)		(N=413)		(N=311)		(N=329)		(N=109)
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Pain disorders
Acute Pain	350	24	12	30	75	29	87	21	74	24	74	22	28	26	.192
Back or Neck Pain	755	52	35	88	132	52	228	55	167	54	153	47	40	37	<.001
Related medical conditions
Arthritis	761	52	28	70	145	57	193	47	162	52	174	53	59	54	.029
Cardiovascular	814	56	24	60	135	53	253	61	174	56	179	54	49	45	.041
COPD	208	14	6	15	41	16	61	15	36	12	47	14	17	16	.733
Psychiatric Conditions
Major Depression	265	18	12	30	33	13	57	14	42	14	96	29	25	23	<.001
Bipolar Disorder	193	13	5	13	23	9	39	9	37	12	74	22	15	14	<.001
PTSD	323	22	13	33	43	17	68	16	60	19	107	33	32	29	<.001
Other Anxiety Disorder	345	24	12	30	28	11	88	21	74	24	114	35	29	27	<.001
Schizophrenia	101	7	3	8	15	6	20	5	10	3	45	14	8	7	<.001
Substance use disorders
Alcohol	376	26	6	15	53	21	88	21	70	23	95	29	64	59	<.001
Cocaine	155	11	2	5	24	9	26	6	31	10	39	12	33	30	<.001
Cannabis	105	7	2	5	19	7	18	4	16	5	31	9	19	17	<.001
Opioid	291	20	4	10	34	13	63	15	59	19	69	21	62	57	<.001
Benzos/barbiturates	59	4	1	3	3	1	12	3	12	4	12	4	19	17	<.001
Other/Polysub	340	23	6	15	42	16	75	18	63	20	89	27	65	60	<.001