Table 1.
Baseline demographic and descriptive statistics for all subjects and by follow-up diagnosis. All means (standard deviations) are from raw data (i.e., not z-scored).
| All cognitively | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| normal subjects | Non-progressors | Progressors | ||||
| N (maximum) | N | 302 | n | 240 | n | 62 |
|
| ||||||
| Demographics | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Age (years) | 302 | 56.6 (10.2) | 240 | 55.0 (9.5) | 62 | 62.6 (10.7)* |
| Education (years) | 302 | 17.0 (2.4) | 240 | 17.1 (2.3) | 62 | 16.6 (2.5) |
| Gender (% female) | 302 | 60% | 240 | 62% | 62 | 52% |
| MMSE # | 297 | 29.5 (0.8) | 237 | 29.6 (0.8) | 60 | 29.4 (1.0) |
| APOE-4 carriers (% total) ^ | 293 | 32% | 234 | 31% | 59 | 36% |
|
| ||||||
| Working memory tasks (with data on all 3 tasks) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Backwards Digit Span | 269 | 7.7 (2.3) | 212 | 8.0 (2.2) | 57 | 6.7 (2.2) * |
| Digit-symbol Substitution | 269 | 53.0 (11.9) | 212 | 55.1 (11.8) | 57 | 45.4 (8.6)* |
| Supermarket Fluency | 269 | 30.4 (7.3) | 212 | 31.2 (7.3) | 57 | 27.4 (6.8)* |
|
| ||||||
| Verbal episodic memory tasks (with data on all 3 tasks) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Logical Memory (immediate) | 290 | 14.8 (2.9) | 230 | 15.1 (2.9) | 60 | 13.7 (2.7)* |
| Logical Memory (delayed) | 290 | 12.9 (3.4) | 230 | 13.2 (3.4) | 60 | 11.7 (3.2)* |
| Paired Associates (immediate) | 290 | 20.5 (3.0) | 230 | 20.9 (2.9) | 60 | 19.2 (3.1)* |
|
| ||||||
| Visuospatial episodic memory tasks (with data on all 3 tasks) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Rey Recall | 284 | 18.2 (6.5) | 225 | 19.0 (6.3) | 59 | 15.1 (6.5)* |
| Figural Memory | 284 | 7.2 (1.4) | 225 | 7.4 (1.4) | 59 | 6.6 (1.4)* |
| Visual Reproduction (delayed) | 284 | 28.8 (7.1) | 225 | 29.7 (6.9) | 59 | 25.6 (7.0)* |
|
| ||||||
| Weighted composite scores | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Working memory | 269 | 0.01 (0.99) | 212 | 0.21 (0.94) | 57 | −0.73 (0.80) * |
| Verbal episodic | 290 | 0.01 (1.4) | 230 | 0.18 (1.34) | 60 | −0.66 (1.35)* |
| Visuospatial episodic | 284 | −0.01 (1.39) | 225 | 0.20 (1.35) | 59 | −0.83 (1.23)* |
|
| ||||||
| CSF biomarkers (pg/ml) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| AB1-42 | 225 | 400.8 (97.3) | 180 | 407.8 (92.7) | 45 | 372.9 (110.6) |
| Tau | 225 | 69.1 (31.1) | 180 | 65.2 (26.8) | 45 | 85.1 (40.9)* |
| P-tau | 225 | 35.8 (16.1) | 180 | 33.9 (13.6) | 45 | 43.4 (22.1)* |
#
MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975).
^
Excludes n = 1 with no APOE genotyping and n = 8 with one ε2 and one ε4 allele.
*
Significant difference between non-progressors and progressors by univariate ANOVA for continuous variables or chi-square tests for dichotomous variables, p < .05. Cognition and CSF group comparisons included age as a covariate.