Table 1.
Comparisons of baseline demographics, comorbid conditions, and kidney function recovery by baseline kidney function among incident hemodialysis patients with in-hospital initiation of renal replacement therapy.
| Baseline demographics, comorbid conditions, and kidney function | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n=281) |
Acute Kidney Injury (n=42) |
Acute on CKD (n=155) |
CKD stage 5 (n=56) |
Acuity Unknown (n=28) |
||
| Age, years | Mean ±SD | 64 ± 16 | 59 ± 16 | 66 ± 14 | 68 ± 16 | 55 ± 19 |
| Median (IQR) | 66 (54,77) | 61 (46, 73) | 68 (58,77) | 72 (57,81) | 55 (43,71) | |
| Age ≥75 | 81 (29%) | 9 (21%) | 44 (28%) | 23 (41%) | 5 (18%) | |
| Age 70 to <75 | 36 (13%) | 3 (7%) | 24 (15%) | 7 (12.5%) | 2 (7%) | |
| Age 65 to <70 | 35 (12%) | 4 (10%) | 24 (15%) | 6 (11%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Age 60 to <65 | 26 (9%) | 6 (14%) | 15 (10%) | 3 (5%) | 2 (7%) | |
| Age 55 to <60 | 30 (11%) | 1 (2%) | 18 (12%) | 7 (12.5%) | 4 (14%) | |
| Age 50 to <55 | 26 (9%) | 5 (12%) | 14 (9%) | 2 (4%) | 5 (18%) | |
| Age 45 to <50 | 14 (5%) | 4 (10%) | 5 (3%) | 4 (7%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Age 40 to <45 | 14 (5%) | 5 (12%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 3 (11%) | |
| Age <40 | 19 (7%) | 5 (12%) | 6 (4%) | 3 (5%) | 5 (18%) | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 176 (63%) | 28 (67%) | 95 (61%) | 34 (61%) | 19 (68%) | |
| Female | 105 (37%) | 14 (33%) | 60 (39%) | 22 (39%) | 9 (32%) | |
| Caucasian race | 249 (89%) | 38 (90%) | 142 (92%) | 49 (88%) | 20 (71%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 137 (49%) | 10 (24%) | 85 (55%) | 28 (50%) | 14 (50%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 122 (43%) | 10 (24%) | 74 (48%) | 30 (54%) | 8 (29%) | |
| Heart failure | 127 (45%) | 12 (29%) | 76 (49%) | 31 (55%) | 8 (29%) | |
| Prior outpatient nephrology evaluation (n=276) |
133 (48%) | 4 (10%) | 79 (52%) | 46 (82%) | 4 (15%) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index score (n=272) | ||||||
| Mean ±SD | 7 ± 4 | 5 ± 3 | 8 ± 3 | 9 ± 4 | 4 ± 3 | |
| Median (IQR) | 7 (4,10) | 4 (3,7) | 8 (6,10) | 8 (6,11) | 4 (2,7) | |
| Charlson score ≥8 | 133 (49%) | 9 (21%) | 87 (58%) | 33 (60%) | 4 (15%) | |
| First dialysis location in hospital | ||||||
| Intensive care unit | 99 (35%) | 22 (52%) | 57 (37%) | 10 (18%) | 10 (36%) | |
| Non-Intensive care unit | 176 (63%) | 18 (43%) | 95 (61%) | 46 (82%) | 17 (61%) | |
| Outside hospital | 6 (2%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | |
| First dialysis access utilized | ||||||
| Non-cuffed, temporary catheter | 150 (53%) | 36 (86%) | 88 (57%) | 14 (25%) | 12 (43%) | |
| Cuffed tunneled catheter | 110 (39%) | 6 (14%) | 61 (39%) | 30 (54%) | 13 (46%) | |
| Arteriovenous fistula/graft | 21 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (4%) | 12 (21%) | 3 (11%) | |
| Hospital duration, days | ||||||
| Total (Median, IQR) | 9 (5,17) | 20 (10,31) | 11 (6,17) | 5 (4,9) | 7 (3,13) | |
| Prior to RRT | 2 (1,6) | 6 (1,11) | 2 (1,6) | 1 (1,3) | 1 (0,3) | |
| Following RRT | 6 (3,12) | 12 (6,23) | 7 (3,12) | 4 (2,7) | 4 (3,8) | |
| Baseline kidney function | n= 253 | n= 42 | n= 155 | n= 56 | n= 0 | |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | ||||||
| Mean ±SD | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | - - | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.2 (1.4,3.5) | 0.9 (0.8,1.1) | 2.1 (1.5,2.8) | 4.6 (3.9,5.7) | - - | |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | ||||||
| Mean ±SD | 37 ± 29 | 85 ± 32 | 32 ± 13 | 11 ± 2 | - - | |
| Median (IQR) | 27 (17,52) | 77 (66,93) | 28 (21,42) | 12 (10,13) | - - | |
| eGFR ≥60 | 42 (15%) | 42 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - - | |
| eGFR <60 and ≥45 | 28 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 28 (18%) | 0 (0%) | - - | |
| eGFR <45 and ≥30 | 40 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 40 (26%) | 0 (0%) | - - | |
| eGFR <30 and ≥15 | 87 (31%) | 0 (0%) | 87 (56%) | 0 (0%) | - - | |
| eGFR<15 | 56 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 56 (100%) | - - | |
| eGFR unknown | 28 (10%) | - - | - - | - - | 28 (100%) | |
| Kidney function recovery during follow-up | n= 281 | n= 42 | n= 155 | n= 56 | n= 28 | |
| 6 months | 49 (17%) | 21 (50%) | 26 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) | |
| Overall | 52 (19%) | 22 (52%) | 27 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) | |
Baseline kidney function classifications include: Acute kidney injury (baseline eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2); Acute on chronic kidney disease (baseline eGFR≥15 and <60); Chronic kidney disease stage 5 (baseline eGFR <15); Acuity unknown (baseline eGFR unknown within 12 months prior to dialysis initiation). CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. Values expressed as Mean± Standard deviation, Median (IQR: interquartile range), or Number (%) unless otherwise specified. Charlson score: Carlson comorbidity index score; ICU: intensive care unit; RRT: renal replacement therapy; AVF/G: arteriovenous fistula or graft; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated from the CKD-Epi equation.