Table 3.
Association between kidney function recovery and baseline features.
| Unadjusted associations between baseline characteristics and Kidney function recovery at 6 months | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire Cohort (n=281) | Subgroup excluding CKD5 (n=225) |
||||
| Predictors of Kidney function recovery at 6 months* |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p | |
| Age, per 5 year | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.1 | 0.94 (0.87–1.03) | 0.2 | |
| Female gender | 1.43 (0.80–2.50) | 0.2 | 1.39 (0.78–2.44) | 0.3 | |
| Caucasian race | 2.19 (0.80–9.02) | 0.1 | 2.11 (0.78–8.67) | 0.2 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.64 (0.36–1.12) | 0.1 | 0.58 (0.33–1.03) | 0.06 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.67 (0.37–1.18) | 0.2 | 0.70 (0.39–1.24) | 0.2 | |
| Heart failure | 0.36 (0.19–0.67) | <0.001 | 0.39 (0.20–0.71) | 0.002 | |
| Prior outpatient nephrology evaluation | 0.21 (0.09–0.41) | <0.001 | 0.31 (0.14–0.61) | 0.004 | |
| Charlson comorbidity score | |||||
| Charlson score, per 1 point | 0.84 (0.77–0.91) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.78–0.93) | <0.001 | |
| Charlson score ≥8 | 0.37 (0.19–0.68) | <0.001 | 0.41 (0.21–0.75) | 0.004 | |
| Hospital | |||||
| ICU vs. non-ICU first dialysis location | 1.96 (1.11–3.44) | 0.02 | 1.59 (0.90–2.79) | 0.1 | |
| Time between admission and RRT start, per 1 day | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.3 | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 0.8 | |
| Time between RRT start and discharge, per 1 day | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.8 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.4 | |
| Length of hospital stay, per 1 day | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.9 | 1.00 (0.98–1.00) | 0.5 | |
| Incident HD year | Incident HD year 2006 | 1.0 (REFERENT) | 1.0 (REFERENT) | ||
| Incident HD year 2007 | 2.87 (1.15–8.12) | 0.02 | 3.11 (1.25–8.79) | 0.01 | |
| Incident HD year 2008 | 3.45 (1.43–9.57) | 0.005 | 3.20 (1.33–8.86) | 0.009 | |
| Incident HD year 2009 | 2.64 (1.02–7.58) | 0.04 | 2.91 (1.13–8.37) | 0.03 | |
| First Dialysis access | |||||
| Catheters vs. Arteriovenous fistula/graft | 4.95 (1.08–87.55) | 0.03 | 2.76 (0.61–48.93) | 0.2 | |
| Arteriovenous fistula/graft | 1.0 (REFERENT) | 1.0 (REFERENT) | |||
| Cuffed tunneled catheter | 1.33 (0.23–25.07) | 0.8 | 0.85 (0.15–16.11) | 0.9 | |
| Non-cuffed, temporary catheter | 8.22 (1.79–145.75) | 0.003 | 4.11 (0.90–72.91) | 0.08 | |
| Renal failure type subgroups | |||||
| Acute kidney injury | 1.0 (REFERENT) | 1.0 (REFERENT) | |||
| Acute on chronic kidney disease | 0.25 (0.14–0.45) | <0.001 | 0.25 (0.14–0.45) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic kidney disease stage 5 | 0.00 (0.00–0.04) | <0.001 | Not included | ||
| Acuity unknown | 0.09 (0.01–0.31) | <0.001 | 0.09 (0.01–0.31) | <0.001 | |
| Sepsis/Postoperative ATN vs. other AKI & non-AKI | 3.33 (1.90–5.93) | <0.001 | 2.57 (1.46–4.58) | 0.001 | |
| Acute and chronic pathology subgroups | |||||
| Sepsis/Postoperative ATN pathology | 1.0 (REFERENT) | 1.0 (REFERENT) | |||
| Non-Sepsis/Postoperative ATN pathology | 0.51 (0.28–0.89) | 0.02 | 0.53 (0.30–0.92) | 0.03 | |
| Chronic pathology only | 0.00 (0.00–0.07) | <0.001 | 0.0 (0.00–0.00) | <0.001 | |
| GFR Measurements: n= 253 | n= 197 | ||||
| eGFR, per 10 ml/min/1.73m2 | 1.30 (1.21–1.40) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.15–1.34) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR ≥30 ml/min/1.73m2 | 7.50 (3.78–16.56) | <0.001 | 4.40 (2.22–9.71) | <0.001 | |
|
Multivariable-adjusted#
associations between baseline characteristics and Kidney function recovery at 6 months | |||||
|
Predictors of Kidney function recovery at 6 months with acute and acute on chronic |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p | |
| Variable (n=253) | (n=197) | ||||
| ICU location of first dialysis | 0.83 (0.44–1.56) | 0.6 | - | - | |
| First dialysis access was a catheter | 1.74 (0.36–31.34) | 0.6 | - | - | |
| Heart Failure | 0.40 (0.19–0.78) | 0.007 | 0.38 (0.19–0.74) | 0.004 | |
| Sepsis/Postoperative ATN pathology | 3.34 (1.83–6.24) | <0.001 | 2.78 (1.54–5.13) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR, per 10 ml/min/1.73m2 | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.11–1.32) | <0.001 | |
*
Subgroup analysis excluded CKD5 patients (n=56) with baseline eGFR<15 mL/min/1.73m2;
CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated from the CKD-Epi equation; Charlson score: Charlson comorbidity index score; AKI: acute kidney injury; HD: hemodialysis; ICU: intensive care unit; RRT: renal replacement therapy.
Sepsis/Postoperative ATN pathology includes all patients (AKI or Acute on Chronic injury) with sepsis or postoperative clinical or pathological etiologies.
#
Adjusted for each other variable in the model, excluding patients with unknown baseline eGFR in the subgroup analysis.