Table 4.
Association between serum cystatin C and moderate DR.
| Cystatin C | Prevalence of DR | Age-gender adjusted OR | *Multivariable adjusted OR |
|---|---|---|---|
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||
| Q1 (<0.82) | 19 (16.5%) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Q2 (0.82–0.94) | 21 (18.3%) | 1.08 (0.57–2.07) | 1.05 (0.51–2.16) |
| Q3 (0.95–1.11) | 19 (16.5%) | 0.99 (0.50–1.94) | 1.00 (0.46–2.17) |
| Q4 (1.12–5.07) | 56 (48.7%) | 3.51 (1.94–6.38) | 3.38 (1.55–7.38) |
| Per SD increase | — | 1.92 (1.59–2.33) | 1.90 (1.37–2.61) |
DR: diabetic retinopathy; Q: quartiles; SD: standard deviation.
*Model adjusted for age (years), gender (men, women), body mass index (kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), HbA1c (%), diabetes duration (years), albumin creatinine ratio (mg/g), and eGFRcr (mL/min/1.73 m2).