Fig. 4. Suppression of bacterial wilt disease on tomato plants treated with water extract from spent mushroom substrate of Hericium erinaceus. Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 3 cells (5 × 106) were inoculated on tomato seedlings in 3 days on the third day after treatment with water extract from spent mushroom substrate (WESMS), water extract of pre-inoculated substrate substrate (WEPIS), and distilled water (DW). Disease symptoms was checked at every two-day interval from 6th day after inoculation. The disease symptoms was evaluated based on the percentage of wilted plants on an index scale of 0 = no visible disease symptoms; 1 = 1~25%; 2 = 26~50%; 3 = 51~70%; 4 = 71~90% of wilted plants; and 5 = completely wilted plant. Each point represents the mean disease index (± SE) for three independent experiments, each containing 20 plants per treatment.
