Table 3. Modulating effect of resilience factors on the relationship between early-life stress and depression.
| Variable | 1st step | 2nd step | 3rd step | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t | β | t | β | t | ||
| Demographics | Age | 0.064 | 1.371 | 0.034 | 0.877 | 0.040 | 1.037 |
| Education level | -0.082 | -1.462 | -0.092 | -1.978* | -0.089 | -1.897 | |
| Job | -0.073 | -1.296 | 0.001 | 0.031 | -0.012 | -0.267 | |
| ELS resilience ractors | Total ELS score | 0.163 | 4.201† | 0.124 | 1.212 | ||
| Emotion regulation | -0.294 | -5.639† | -0.218 | -3.694† | |||
| Impulse control | -0.048 | -1.008 | -0.093 | -1.524 | |||
| Optimism | -0.213 | -4.290† | -0.228 | -3.6897† | |||
| Causal analysis | 0.004 | 0.084 | -0.024 | -0.363 | |||
| Empathy | 0.138 | 2.852† | 0.109 | 1.807 | |||
| Self efficacy | -0.110 | -1.982* | -0.040 | -0.563 | |||
| Reaching out | -0.152 | -3.254† | -0.201 | -3.486† | |||
| ELS × ER | -0.179 | -2.243* | |||||
| ELS × IC | 0.056 | 0.773 | |||||
| ELS × OP | 0.043 | 0.587 | |||||
| ELS × CA | 0.082 | 1.053 | |||||
| ELS × EM | 0.085 | 0.760 | |||||
| ELS × SE | -0.148 | -1.701 | |||||
| ELS × RO | 0.093 | 1.107 | |||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.015 | 0.350 | 0.358 | ||||
| F | 3.365* | 23.207† | 15.071† | ||||
| ΔR2 | 0.022 | 0.344 | 0.018 | ||||
| ΔF | 3.365 | 29.998 | 1.817 | ||||
*P<0.05; †P<0.01 (two-tailed). ELS, early-life stress; ER, emotion regulation; IC, impulse control; OP, realistic optimism; CA, causal analysis; EM, empathy; SE, self-efficacy; RO, reaching out.