Table 4. Modulating effect of resilience factors on the relationship between early-life stress and anxiety.
| Variables | 1st step | 2nd step | 3rd step | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t | β | t | β | t | ||
| Demographics | Age | 0.019 | 0.406 | -0.003 | -0.087 | 0.001 | 0.025 |
| Education level | -0.045 | -0.800 | -0.070 | -1.581 | -0.073 | -1.629 | |
| Job | -0.109 | -1.933 | -0.024 | -0.536 | -0.036 | -0.807 | |
| ELS resilience factors | Total ELS score | 0.128 | 3.445† | -0.003 | -0.033 | ||
| Emotion regulation | -0.298 | -5.964† | -0.237 | -4.188† | |||
| Impulse control | -0.110 | -2.420* | -0.152 | -2.607† | |||
| Optimism | -0.129 | -2.713† | -0.151 | -2.548* | |||
| Causal analysis | -0.009 | -0.171 | 0.002 | 0.039 | |||
| Empathy | 0.122 | 2.637† | 0.056 | 0.974 | |||
| Self efficacy | -0.139 | -2.617† | -0.056 | -0.826 | |||
| Reaching out | -0.216 | -4.851† | -0.273 | -4.950† | |||
| ELS × ER | -0.139 | -1.824 | |||||
| ELS × IC | 0.058 | 0.843 | |||||
| ELS × OP | 0.042 | 0.590 | |||||
| ELS × CA | 0.008 | 0.103 | |||||
| ELS × EM | 0.194 | 1.823 | |||||
| ELS × SE | -0.164 | -1.970* | |||||
| ELS × RO | 0.113 | 1.409 | |||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.013 | 0.404 | 0.410 | ||||
| F | 2.990* | 28.978† | 18.526† | ||||
| ΔR2 | 0.020 | 0.399 | 0.015 | ||||
| ΔF | 2.990 | 37.988 | 1.641 | ||||
*P<0.05; †P<0.01 (two-tailed). ELS, early-life stress; ER, emotion regulation; IC, impulse control; OP, realistic optimism; CA, causal analysis; EM, empathy; SE, self-efficacy; RO, reaching out.