A current view of enzymatic pathways generating hormonal peptides of RAS and corresponding cell surface receptors. Surrogate enzymes, such as mast cell chymase, neutral endopeptidase, tonin, cathepsin D, kalikrine, and aminopeptidases are also known to participate in angiotensin metabolism in different contexts. Some authors contend inclusion of these enzymes as components of RAS. Inhibitors of different components of RAS are shown in red.