Table 1.
Studies directly comparing different sources of MSCs, reporting differences in immunomodulatory capacities.
| Reference | Populations compared | Parameters | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bárcia et al. (26) | BM, UC | Immunomoda | UC > BM |
| Immunogenicity | UC < BM | ||
| Barlow et al. (9) | BM, PL | Proliferation | PL > BM |
| Immunogenicity | BM = PL | ||
| Castro-Manrreza et al. (27) | BM, UCB, PL | Immunomodb | BM = UCB > PL |
| Hass et al. (7) | BM, AT, UC | Proliferation | UC > AT > BM |
| Senescence | UC < AT < BM | ||
| Ivanova-Todorova et al. (28) | BM, AT | Immunomodc | AT > BM |
| Jin et al. (29) | BM, AT, UCB | Proliferation | UCB > AT = BM |
| Immunomodd | UCB > AT = BM | ||
| Senescence | UCB < AT = BM | ||
| Kern et al. (5) | BM, AT, UCB | Proliferation | UCB > AT > BM |
| Isolation success rate | BM = AT > UCB | ||
| Colony frequency | AT > BM > UCB | ||
| Li et al. (30) | BM, AT, UC, PL | Proliferation | WJ > AT > PL > BM |
| Immunomode | WJ > PL > AT > BM | ||
| Luan et al. (31) | BM, PL | Immunomodf | BM = PL |
| Montespan et al. (32) | BM, AT | Immunomodg | AT > BM |
| Najar et al. (33, 34) | BM, AT, UC | Immunomodh | AT > BM = UC |
| Prasanna et al. (22) | BM, WJ | Immunogenicity | BM = WJ |
| Immunomodi | WJ ≠ BM | ||
| Puissant et al. (35) | BM, AT | Immunogenicity | BM = AT |
| Immunomodj | BM = AT | ||
| Ribeiro et al. (36) | BM, AT, UC | T/NK cell inhibition | AT > BM = UC |
| B cell inhibition | BM = AT (UC none) | ||
| Roemeling-van Rhijn et al. (37, 38) | BM, AT | Immunomodk | BM = AT |
| Immunomodl | AT < BM | ||
| Stubbendorf et al. (39) | UCB, WJ, PL, UCL | Proliferation | UCL > UCB > WJ = PL |
| Immunomodm | UCL > UCB = WJ = PL | ||
| Immunogenicity | UCL ≤ PL ≤ WJ = UCB | ||
| Xishan et al. (12) | BM, AT | Proliferation | AT > BM |
| Immunomodn | BM > AT | ||
| Yoo et al. (40) | BM, AT, UCB, WJ | Immunomodf | BM = AT = UCB = WJ |
| Cytokineso | Only UCB and WJ |
aMSCs + PBMCs/T cells. MLR assay to assess lymphocyte proliferation and immunogenicity. Flow cytometry to measure Treg induction. Comparative gene expression analysis.
bMSCs + T cells (±transwell). Proliferation assay for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Flow cytometry to assess T cell activation and CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression. Multiplex assay to measure IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-4.
cMSCs + Monocytes. Flow cytometry to assess CD14, CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR. ELISA to measure IL-10 and IL-18. Proteome profile assay for 36 cytokines (e.g., CCL-3 and CCL-4).
dMSCs + LPS stimulated rat macrophages. ELISA to assess IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8 and Ang-1.
eMSCs + T cells. T cell proliferation was assessed.
fMSCs + T cells. T cell proliferation assay. ELISA to assess IFN-γ and IL-10, or TNF-α.
gMSCs + PBMCs. Flow cytometry analysis for HLA-G. MLR assay to assess immunosuppression.
hMSCs + mitogenic/allogenic stimulated T cells. T cell activation and proliferation assays. Subset analysis for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. PCR for COX1 and COX2. ELISA for PGE2 MSCs + T cells. MSCs were primed with IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-1β or unstimulated. T cell proliferation assay. Flow cytometry to assess lymphocyte activation. ELISA for IFN-γ, IL-8, and CCL5. T cell migration assay.
iMSC + PBMCs stimulated with PHA or MLR; MSC primed with IFN-γ or TNF-α: immunogenicity and T cell proliferation; PBMC cytokine profiles, activation markers, and immune-suppressive factors (IDO, PGE2, HGF, CIITA).
jMSCs + PBMCs: MLR or mitogen-induced T cell proliferation, time- and dose-dependent suppression, dependent on soluble mediators (but most probably not TGF-β, HGF, and IL-10).
kMSCs + PBMCs: PBMC proliferation assay. PCR for IDO, TGF-β, and CXCL-10. Application of PBMCs and MSCs in an in vivo mouse allograft rejection model.
lMSCs and CD8+ T cells: induction of HLA-specific alloreactivity by MSC-educated CD8+ TC.
mMSCs stimulated with IFN-γ and MSCs + T cells. ELISA for IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β1. Electrophoresis for IDO.
nMSCs + PHA stimulated T cells. Effects on T cell proliferation, MLR assay, T cell cycle, T cell apoptosis, early activation, and T cell subsets were assessed.
oMSC + PHA-stimulated T cells: cytokines: IL-12, IL-15, and PDGF-AA.
AT, adipose tissue; BM, bone marrow; MLR, mixed lymphocyte reaction; MSC, mesenchymal stromal cells; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PL, placenta; Treg, regulatory T cells; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; DC, dendritic cells UC, umbilical cord; UCB, umbilical cord blood; WJ, Wharton’s jelly.