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. 2015 Nov 2;15:239. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0521-z

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© Fuchs et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Principal component analysis of cranial (a) and mandibular (b) shape variation in juvenile and adult bear species. Ellipses represent the 95 % confidence interval of the species and age stages. Cranial and mandibular models represent extreme shape on PC1 and PC2