Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics by group
| Variable | Trauma (n = 21) | Comparison (n = 21) | Group comparison (P-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, m (s.d.) | 12.77 (2.00) | 12.32 (2.19) | ns |
| Pubertal maturation (tanner stage), m (s.d.) | 3.75 (0.95) | 3.12 (1.38) | ns |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 15 (71.43) | 14 (66.67) | ns |
| IQ, m (s.d.) | 90.55 (10.9) | 109.94 (16.04) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| African American | 10 (47.62) | 10 (47.62) | ns |
| Caucasian | 4 (19.05) | 10 (47.62) | |
| Hispanic | 3 (14.28) | 0 (0) | |
| Not reported | 4 (19.05) | 1 (4.76) | |
| Annual household income, n (%) | |||
| <$40 000 | 17 (81) | 10 (47.6) | 0.018 |
| $40 000 to $60 000 | 1 (4.8) | 7 (33.3) | |
| $60 000 to $80 000 | 2 (9.5) | 1 (4.8) | |
| $80 000 to $100 000 | 0 | 1 (4.8) | |
| Over $100 000 | 0 | 2 (9.5) | |
| Not reported | 1 (4.8) | 0 | |
| Highest level of parental education, n (%) | |||
| No GED/no high school diploma | 2 (9.5) | 1 (4.8) | ns |
| GED/high school diploma | 4 (19) | 1 (4.8) | |
| 2-year degree or some college | 8 (38.1) | 9 (42.9) | |
| 4-year degree | 3 (14.3) | 7 (33.3) | |
| Masters | 3 (14.3) | 2 (9.5) | |
| Doctorate | 0 | 1 (4.8) | |
| Not reported | 1 (4.8) | 0 | |
| Type of trauma endorseda, n (%) | |||
| Physical abuse | 4 (19%) | 0 | |
| Neglectful home environment | 3 (14%) | 0 | |
| Emotional abuse | 2 (10%) | 0 | |
| Exposure to domestic violence | 14 (67%) | 0 | |
| Exposure to any other violence not already identified | 11 (52%) | 0 | |
| Multiple separations from parent or caregiver | 4 (19%) | 0 | |
| Sexual abuse or exposure | 5 (24%) | 0 | |
| Anxiety symptoms (SCR)b, m (s.d.) | 22.97 (16.49) | 14.23 (11.08) | 0.05 |
| Depressive symptoms (CDI)c, m (s.d.) | 4 (5.32) | 1.8 (2) | ns |
| Motion during scan | |||
| Translational max frame-to-frame excursion (s.d.) | 0.66 (0.31) mm | 0.56 (0.25) mm | ns |
| Rotational max frame-to-frame excursion (s.d.) | 0.59 (0.27)° | 0.56 (0.33)° | |
| Translational mean movement (s.d.) | 0.13 (0.08) mm | 0.1 (0.6) mm | |
| Rotational mean movement (s.d.) | 0.11 (0.06)° | 0.12 (0.08)° | |
| Translational rms (s.d.) | 0.1 (0.05) mm | 0.08 (0.02) mm | |
| Rotational rms (s.d.) | <0.001 (<0.001)° | <0.001 (<0.001)° | |
Note. aTrauma criteria are from CTA Center Screen Checklist (Item 1) by the Michigan Trauma Asessement Center. bSCR, Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders. cCDI, Children’s Depression Inventory. All P-values derived from t-tests with the exception of sex and race/ethnicity comparisons, which used χ2 tests, and income and parental education, which used Mann-Whitney U-tests. Abbreviations: m, mean; s.d., standard deviation; n, number; ns, not significant; max, maximum; rms, root mean squared (head position change during the resting-state scan).