Table 2.
Brain activation associated with each contrast and effects of poverty
| Region | Side | Z | kE | x | Y | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional processing—male/female—face only contrast | ||||||
| dmPFC/dACC (BA6/8/9/32) | L/R | >8 | 3560 | −4 | 16 | 50 |
| Inferior/middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus/anterior insula | L | >8 | 2571 | −30 | 26 | 2 |
| R | >8 | 2612 | 34 | 24 | 6 | |
| Fusiform | L | >8 | 614 | −40 | −61 | −12 |
| R | >8 | 935 | 31 | −68 | −10 | |
| Thalamus | L/R | >8 | 1139 | −10 | −16 | 10 |
| Calcarine/occipital/lingual | L/R | >8 | 7290 | 36 | −88 | 8 |
| Middle frontal gyrus (BA10) | L | 5.85 | 59 | −32 | 52 | 18 |
| Cingulate gyrus (BA24) | L/R | 5.61 | 53 | 6 | 10 | 30 |
| Fear—neutral | ||||||
| Amygdala | L | 2.99 | 5a | −18 | 0 | −18 |
| Modulation by attention: indoor/outdoor—male/female contrast | ||||||
| Parahippocampus/hippocampus/fusiform | L | >8 | 1402 | −28 | −40 | −12 |
| R | >8 | 1256 | 32 | −38 | −12 | |
| Occipital/parietal/angular/precuneus gyrus | L | >8 | 1573 | −34 | −86 | 28 |
| R | >8 | 1243 | 44 | −78 | 30 | |
| Cuneus/lingual/precuneus/calcarine/PCC | L/R | 7.76 | 1674 | 20 | −54 | 18 |
| Middle/superior frontal gyrus (BA6/8) | L | 6.06 | 303 | −26 | 14 | 56 |
| PCC | L/R | 5.72 | 346 | 8 | −36 | 42 |
| Inferior/middle temoral gyrus | L | 5.25 | 45 | −56 | −56 | −8 |
| R | 5.05 | 17 | 60 | −48 | −8 | |
| Modulation by appraisal: like/dislike—male/female contrast | ||||||
| Inferior frontal gyrus (BA45/46/47) | L | 7.38 | 749 | −50 | 28 | 8 |
| mPFC (BA10/8/6)/DLPFC (BA9) | L | 6.6 | 1569 | −8 | 34 | 58 |
| Middle temporal/inferior parietal/angular gyrus (BA39/40) | L | 6.31 | 691 | −44 | −58 | 28 |
| Middle temporal gyrus (BA21/22) | L | 6.3 | 401 | −54 | −38 | 0 |
| dmPFC (BA6/8) | R | 6.23 | 102 | 14 | 30 | 60 |
| Middle frontal gyrus (BA8) | L | 5.94 | 226 | −38 | 18 | 52 |
| Parahippocampus/fusiform gyrus | L | 5.61 | 174 | −28 | −42 | −10 |
| R | 5.09 | 55 | 32 | −38 | −12 | |
| Superior frontal gyrus (BA9) | R | 5.3 | 59 | 16 | 58 | 32 |
| Effects of childhood poverty (group comparison & regression income-to-need age 9) | ||||||
| During cognitive appraisal | L | 4.24 | 240 | −56 | 12 | 36 |
| Childhood poverty as continuous variable | ||||||
| DLPFC (BA9) (positive correlation with income) | ||||||
| Childhood poverty as categorical variable | ||||||
| No areas | ||||||
| In interaction with stress induction (stress > non-stress) | ||||||
| Childhood poverty as continuous variable | ||||||
| No areas | ||||||
| Childhood poverty as categorical variable | ||||||
| During appraisal | ||||||
| Hippocampus (non-poverty > poverty) | L | 3.86 | 157a | −24 | −32 | −8 |
| During emotion processing | ||||||
| Insula (poverty > non-poverty) | L | 3.55 | 2a | −36 | −4 | −2 |
Note: BA, Brodmann area; L, Left; R, Right; Z, Z value of the peak activation within the cluster; kE, cluster size (voxels);
a Indicates corrected with a priori mask; Coordinates for the peak voxel are listed as MNI coordinates.