Evaluation of the CV-chip. (a–c) Bar chart results from experiments with varying HRP concentrations at the two ends. The readout for (a) was based on HRP concentrations of 750 μM and 500 μM, and the data were recorded after 6 min at 25 °C. The readout for panel b was based on HRP concentrations of 4.5 and 1 μM, and data were recorded after 10 min at 25 °C. The readout for panel c was based on HRP concentrations of 7.5 and 5 nM, and data were recorded after 10 min at 37 °C. (d) Result based on a gradient from 6 to 1 μM HRP solutions at the two ends. Green food dye and 6 μM HRP were mixed together, and the mixture was injected to form the concentration gradient at the top end. The dotted rectangle box shows the green dye gradient after the injection. The reaction was read after 10 min at 25 °C. (e) The uniform advancement curve obtained from panels a–c. (f) The dynamic curves obtained at 25, 30, 37, and 42 °C with 7.5 and 5 nM HRP loaded at the two ends. Data are shown as mean of the distance in the six channels ± SD (g) The dye intensity at the center of each bottom well in the dotted rectangle box and the ink advancement (obtained from panel d) were plotted against the channel number. The two fitted lines show similar slopes (0.658 and 0.667). Scale bar: 0.5 cm for panels a–d.