Table 2.

Comparison of total PANESS score and subscales between groups

	HC (n=30)	NDS (n=42)	DS (n=24)	Statistic
PANESS	34.66±0.92	80.92±10.34	137.95±6.63	F(2, 93)=123.34, P<0.001
Synergy	8.16±0.37	18.75±4.36	34.29±17.82	F(2, 93)=51.96, P<0.001
Graphesthesia	8.28±0.39	11.68±3.86	28.12±10.86	F(2, 93)=83.00, P<0.001
Stereognosis	4.1±0.30	9.73±3.11	14.50±6.77	F(2, 93)=46.60, P<0.001
Motor tasks	0.23±0.12	16.58±3.80	25.04±12.79	F(2, 93)=93.33, P<0.001
Ability to maintain posture	7.00±0.01	9.14±1.95	18.00±5.16	F(2, 93)=14.25, P<0.001
Ability to tap on a smooth rhythm	6.10±0.30	13.34±8.65	17.25±7.71	F(2, 93)=10.25, P<0.001
String test	1.00±0.01	1.41±0.92	1.91±0.55	F(2, 93)=5.74, P=0.04

Notes: Significant P-values are presented in bold. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: DS, deficit schizophrenia; HC, healthy control; NDS, non-deficit schizophrenia; PANESS, Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs.