Table 3. Outcomes.
| Cohort characteristics | CONV, n = 7 | ENDO, n = 5 | NAVI, n = 6 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diplopia | |||
| Grade 3 | |||
| Preoperative | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Postoperative | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grade 2 | |||
| Preoperative | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Postoperative | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Grade 1 | |||
| Preoperative | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Postoperative | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| None | |||
| Preoperative | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Postoperative | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| Globe position (clinical) | |||
| Preoperative | |||
| Normal | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Abnormal | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| Postoperative | |||
| Normal | 3 | 5 | 5 |
| Abnormal | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Complications | |||
| Intraoperative | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Postoperative | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Secondary operation rate | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Quality of reconstruction | |||
| Satisfactory | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Good | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Bad | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Abbreviations: CONV, conventional free hand under direct vision (group 1); ENDO, endoscopically assisted (group 2); NAVI, navigational system assisted (group 3).