Table 2.

Effects of DHCR7 rs12785878, CYP2R1 rs10741657 and GC rs2282679 on changes in body weight, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR in response to low-/high-protein diets^a

Characteristic	DHCR7 rs12785878				CYP2R1 rs10741657				GC rs2282679
	6 months		2 years		6 months		2 years		6 months		2 years
	β ± SE	p	β ± SE	p	β ± SE	p	β ± SE	p	β ± SE	p	β ± SE	p
Change in body weight, kg
Low-protein diet	−0.62 ± 0.51	0.22	−0.50 ± 0.69	0.4 6	−0.33 ± 0.45	0.4 6	−0.43 ± 0.64	0.5 0	0.89 ± 0.52	0.0 8	1.05 ± 0.73	0.1 5
High-protein diet	−1.18 ± 0.47	0.01	−0.96 ± 0.66	0.1 4	0.19 ± 0.43	0.6 6	0.73 ± 0.58	0.2 1	0.40 ± 0.48	0.4 1	0.19 ± 0.65	0.7 8
p for interaction		0.25		0.5 2		0.4 8		0.1 9		0.6 8		0.4 1
Change in glucose, mmol/l
Low-protein diet	0.05 ± 0.04	0.23	0.08 ± 0.05	0.0 8	−0.02 ± 0.04	0.5 7	0.01 ± 0.04	0.9 1	0.01 ± 0.04	0.8 4	0.01 ± 0.05	0.9 4
High-protein diet	−0.02 ± 0.04	0.68	−0.05 ± 0.05	0.3 5	−0.03 ± 0.04	0.4 2	0.04 ± 0.05	0.4 4	−0.01 ± 0.04	0.9 5	−0.01 ± 0.05	0.9 5
p for interaction		0.30		0.0 7		0.9 5		0.7 1		0.8 2		0.9 3
Change in log insulin, pmol/l
Low-protein diet	0.05 ± 0.04	0.19	0.05 ± 0.04	0.2 5	0.04 ± 0.04	0.3 2	0.004 ± 0.04	0.9 2	0.05 ± 0.04	0.2 4	−0.01 ± 0.05	0.8 0
High-protein diet	−0.13 ± 0.04	0.000 9	−0.06 ± 0.04	0.1 5	0.02 ± 0.04	0.5 6	0.04 ± 0.04	0.3 4	0.04 ± 0.04	0.2 9	0.01 ± 0.04	0.7 2
p for interaction		0.000 8		0.0 3		0.7 4		0.6 3		0.9 1		0.5 4
Change in log HOMA-IR
Low-protein diet	0.06 ± 0.04	0.14	0.06 ± 0.05	0.1 9	0.03 ± 0.04	0.4 7	0.005 ± 0.05	0.9 2	0.05 ± 0.04	0.2 5	−0.02 ± 0.05	0.7 6
High-protein diet	−0.13 ± 0.04	0.002	−0.06 ± 0.05	0.1 6	0.02 ± 0.04	0.7 0	0.04 ± 0.04	0.3 0	0.04 ± 0.04	0.3 5	0.02 ± 0.05	0.7 4
p for interaction		0.000 9		0.0 2		0.8		0.5 7		0.9 9		0.5 1

^aData are βs ± SE, representing effect size for each vitamin-D-increasing allele of DHCR7 rs12785878 (T allele), CYP2R1 rs10741657 (A allele) and GC rs2282679 (A allele), respectively, on change in each trait, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and the baseline value for the respective outcome trait