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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Twin Res Hum Genet. 2015 Jul 29;18(5):485–496. doi: 10.1017/thg.2015.46

Table 5.

Measure-linked domains, component key constructs and empirical basis for testing.

Key Child outcomes Child outcome measured by: Empirical basis for testing
Auditory Memory 1. Digit Span fwd (WISC)
2. Story memory (CMS)
Fried et al (1992a; 1992b)
McCartney et al (1994)
Roy et al. (2002)

Visual Memory 1. Faces memory (CMS)
2. Spatial Span Fwd (WISC)
Cornelius et al (2001)
Roy et al. (2002)

Executive Function (EF) 1. Cognitive flexibility (DKEFS)
2. Verbal Fluency (DKEFS)
3. Interference Cntrl (DKEFS)
Willcutt et al (2000)
Arnsten (1998)
Cabeza & Nyberg (1997)
4. Response Inhibition (Logan) Fried et al (1992a; 1992b)
5. Working Memory: Digit Span Bkwd (WISC)
6. Working Memory: Spatial Span Bkwd (WISC)
Fried et al (1992a; 1992b)
McCartney et al (1994)
Roy et al. (2002)

Reading & Receptive language 1. Receptive vocab (PPVT-III)
2. Receptive lang (CELF-4)
Makin et al (1991)
Fried et al (1992a; 1992b)
Bauman et al (1991)
McCartney et al (1994)
3. Single-word reading (WJ-III)
4. Nonword reading (WJ-III)
5. Reading compreh (GORT)
6. Reading Fluency (GORT)
Bauman et al (1991)
McCartney et al (1994)
Fried et al. (1997)

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Didorder (ADHD) 1. DSM-IV symptom ct or dx
2. Conners’ Rating Form
3. Achenbach series: CBCL/TRF
4. SWAN
Fried et al (1992a; 1992b)
D’Onofrio et al (2008)

WISC: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Short Form); CMS: Children’s Memory Scale; DKEFS: Delis Kaplan Executive Function System; Logan: Logan Stop Task; PPVT-III: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III; CELF-4: Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Fourth Edition; WJ-III: Woodcock Johnson-III; GORT: Gray Oral Reading Test – Fourth edition; CBCL: Child Behavior Checklist; TRF: Teacher’s Report Form; SWAN: Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Normal Behavior Scale