Immunofluorescent labeling of cells participating in the host response to implanted mesh. Antibodies for CD45 (pan-leukocyte), CD68 (macrophage), CD3 (T lymphocyte), CD20 (B lymphocyte), and CD117 (mast cell) markers were used (red). DAPI (blue) was used to label nuclei. Positively labeled cells were predominantly located at the mesh surface, with fewer cells with increasing distance. All images at 40× magnification, scale bar = 100 µm.