Table 1.

Humanized mouse models

Pros	Cons
Engraftment of human hematopoietic tissue to create a “human” immune system.	Deficiencies in all the human immune cell types.
Infect with HIV, including “transmitter/founder” viruses.	Lack human innate immunity.
Mice will succumb to “wasting” disease similar to humans.	Inability to evaluate non-hematopoietic HIV interactions.
Mice being created to more accurately reflect human innate/adaptive immunity.	Estrus cycle/endocrine system different.
Microbiome transplants being done.	Restrictions on microbiome.
Pharmacokinetic studies being initiated.	Pharmacokinetics may be affected by mouse serum-binding antiretroviral drugs differently than humans.
	Pharmacogenomics are different from humans.
	Mice take several months to be created de novo and kept in controlled environment; expensive.
	Penile challenge has not been attempted.