BMP4 triggers ERK1/2 and Smad1/5 phosphorylation in HTCE cells. (A,B) Dynamic changes in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Smad1/5 in HTCE cells after BMP4 treatment were confirmed by western blot. ERK1/2 responded to BMP4 treatment within 5 min and then became dephosphorylated, whereas Smad1/5 phosphorylation began after 10 min treatment. The specific MEK inhibitor U0126 impeded ERK1/2 phosphorylation but had no effect on Smad1/5 phosphorylation. (C,D) Statistical analysis showing the ratios of phosphorylated versus non-phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Smad1/5. (E,F) Immunocytofluorescence staining confirmed the dynamic change in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Smad1/5 in HTCE cells triggered by BMP4. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. Mean±s.e.m.